Effects of marine reserve protection at Goat Island, northern New Zealand

Cole, Russell; Ayling, Tony; Creese, Robert G.

doi:10.1080/00288330.1990.9516415

Cited by 109 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, the underwater visual census techniques used may not adequately capture population responses of key exploited species, particularly large fishes that are targeted by anglers using baited hooks but rarely sighted by divers, such as the snapper Pagrus auratus, a major target of fishers in Jervis Bay. Baited underwater video proved a more useful technique for monitoring numbers of this species in a New Zealand MPA (Willis et al 2003a) than underwater visual survey methods (see, for example, Cole et al 1990). To fully understand how each of the large variety of extrinsic factors contribute to protection responses, both in Australia and more generally, much additional data on ecological patterns with associated covariate data on physical, socioeconomic and governance conditions are needed (see García-Charton et al 2008;Claudet & Guidetti 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of population responses of common inshore fishes and invertebrates following declaration of five Australian marine protected areas

Edgar

Barrett

2012

Envir. Conserv.

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SUMMARYIn order to better understand community-level effects of fishing on temperate reefs at continental scales, changes in densities of common species in five Australian marine protected areas (MPAs) were estimated from prior to establishment to three years after enforcement of fishing prohibitions. A before-after-control-impact survey design was used, with 5–14 replicated sites distributed within both sanctuary and fishing zones associated with each MPA. On the basis of published meta-analyses, exploited species were generally expected to show increased densities. By contrast, only two of the 11 exploited fish species (the red morwongCheilodactylus fuscusand latrid trumpeterLatridopsis forsteri), and none of seven exploited invertebrate species, showed significant signs of population recovery within sanctuary zones. Four fish species increased in biomass between survey periods. When variation in abundance data was partitioned by PERMANOVA independently for the five MPAs, the ‘zone × year’ interaction component consistently contributed onlyc.4% of total variation, compared to site (c.35%), zone (c.8%), year (c.8%) and residual error (c.45%) components. Given that longer-term Australian studies show clear community-wide responses following MPA protection, the discrepancy between weak observed recovery anda prioriexpectations is probably due, at least in part, to the three-year period studied being insufficient to generate clear trends, to relatively low fishing pressure on some temperate Australian reefs, and to meta-analyses overestimating the likelihood of significant short-term population responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of population responses of common inshore fishes and invertebrates following declaration of five Australian marine protected areas

Edgar

Barrett

2012

Envir. Conserv.

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“…Cole et al 1990, Jennings & Polunin 1997, Wantiez et al 1997, Babcock et al 1999, Edgar & Barrett 1999, Shears & Babcock 2002, 2003, individual species or groups of species can respond positively, negatively, or have no response at all to marine reserve protection. The lack of a positive response does not necessarily imply that marine reserves fail to 'work'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of cryptic reef fish assemblages: relationships with habitat characteristics and predator density

Willis¹,

Anderson²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

159

106

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Cryptic fish assemblages on temperate rocky reefs in New Zealand are among the most diverse in the world, yet very little is known regarding ecological processes that may affect their density and diversity. The potential effects of reef structural complexity, kelp density, and the increased density of predatory fish on assemblages of small, cryptic reef fishes were examined in northeastern New Zealand. Sampling was conducted in replicated areas inside and outside a marine reserve, where differential densities of predatory fishes were known to occur. There was a strong positive correlation between substratum complexity and the density and diversity of cryptic fish assemblages. While the more common fish species occurred in both kelp Ecklonia radiata forest habitat and rocky reefs grazed by urchins, the composition of less abundant species differed between these 2 habitats. Assemblages in kelp forests were more variable than those in urchin barrens. The sites inside the marine reserve contained, on average, lower densities of cryptic fishes than sites outside the reserve, which might be explained by effects of predators. The effect of the marine reserve appeared to be strongest in the kelp forest habitat, with relatively little difference seen between reserve and non-reserve assemblages in unvegetated habitats. If these observed patterns are found to be consistent at other reserves and at other times, they imply that removal of predators by fishing may have large-scale positive effects on assemblages of small cryptic reef fishes.

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“…There is evidence that spearing is responsible for the localised depletion of cheilodactylid populations in New Zealand (Cole et al 1990). Spearing selectively removes the larger size class and has the potential of removing a large proportion of the males.…”

Section: Effects Of Spear Fishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure of aggregations, and response to spear fishing, of a large temperate reef fish Cheilodactylus fuscus

Lowry¹,

Suthers²

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Strip transect surveys of the large temperate rocky reef fish Cheilodactylus fuscus revealed size-and sex-structured populations across seasons and 3 conditions of wave exposure, from an estuary to the open coast. Large, mostly male, fish (> 30 cm fork length) predominated on the open coast and in deeper water (>10 m), while smaller fish predominated in the more protected estuarine areas and in the subtidal regions (< 5 m), particularly during the winter to spring recruitment period. Aggregations of C. fuscus were geographically persistent, varying in their size and sex composition over 2 yr, which suggested an ontogenetic migration from shallow and protected areas to more exposed coastal locations. Reasons defining the location of aggregations were unclear, as multivariate analysis of 29 habitat characteristics of 13 aggregation sites versus 6 similar control sites revealed no significant difference. Fish re-colonised the same location 2 to 4 mo after a summer and a winter experiment removed > 70% of the adults by intense spear fishing. Experimental sites were recolonised by > 20 cm males and females, and rarely by juveniles. There was no significant difference between the pre-and post-removal estimates of home range of tagged fish at removal sites or in controls.

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Effects of marine reserve protection at Goat Island, northern New Zealand

Cited by 109 publications

References 16 publications

An assessment of population responses of common inshore fishes and invertebrates following declaration of five Australian marine protected areas

An assessment of population responses of common inshore fishes and invertebrates following declaration of five Australian marine protected areas

Structure of cryptic reef fish assemblages: relationships with habitat characteristics and predator density

Population structure of aggregations, and response to spear fishing, of a large temperate reef fish Cheilodactylus fuscus

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