Effects of Mass Shootings on Mental Illness Stigma in the United States

Abstract

Although the vast majority of people with mental illness (PWMI) are not violent, Americans tend to think they are more dangerous than the general population. Because negative media portrayals may contribute to stigma, we used time-series analyses to examine changes in the public’s perceived dangerousness of PWMI around six mass shootings whose perpetrators were reported to have a mental illness. From 2011 to 2019, 38,094 U.S. participants completed an online study assessing implicit and explicit perceived dangerousness of PWMI. There were large, upward spikes in perceived dangerousness the week of the Sandy Hook mass shooting that were relatively short-lived. However, there was not a consistent pattern of effects for other events analyzed, and any other spikes observed were smaller. Effects tended to be larger for explicit versus implicit perceived dangerousness. Sandy Hook seemed to temporarily worsen perceived dangerousness of PWMI, but this pattern was not observed for other mass shootings.

Alienation flows through the barrel of a gun: Despair, mass shootings, and suicide in an American settler colony

“…Placing the entire emphasis on the psycho-affective state of individuals would be akin to trying to describe an elephant in the dark by only touching its tusk, as the analogy goes. The realities of mental illness and violence are far more complex and solving the problem will not happen by focusing only at the interpersonal and psychological levels, which can quickly devolve into ableist and racist stereotypes (Beltzer et al, 2023).…”