Effects of maternal branched-chain amino acid and alanine supplementation on growth and biomarkers of protein metabolism in dams fed a low-protein diet and their offspring

Choi, Wooseon; Kim, Juhae; Ko, Je‐Won; Choi, A Hyun; Kwon, Young Hye

doi:10.1007/s00726-022-03157-1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…l-leucine and l-isoleucine have been reported to be essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the regulation of maternal antioxidative capacity and immune status, participate in early embryonic development through the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway to stimulate protein synthesis and cell growth [55][56][57], and can partially modulate the ability of proteins to translate messenger RNA (mRNA) [58]. Additionally, the decrease in BCAA concentrations may disrupt placental transportation [59], which may result in a reduced use rate of BCAAs in growth restricted fetuses [60]. Our results indicated a negative association between the reduction of leucine in the first trimester and second trimester, which are important windows of fetal development, and fetal growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic dynamics and prediction of sFGR and adverse fetal outcomes: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Huang,

Chen,

Jiang

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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Background Selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) is an extreme complication that significantly increases the risk of perinatal mortality and long-term adverse neurological outcomes in offspring, affecting approximately 15% of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies. The lack of longitudinal cohort studies hinders the early prediction and intervention of sFGR. Methods We constructed a prospective longitudinal cohort study of sFGR, and quantified 25 key metabolites in 337 samples from maternal plasma in the first, second, and third trimester and from cord plasma. In particular, our study examined fetal growth and brain injury data from ultrasonography and used the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-third edition subscale (ASQ-3) to evaluate the long-term neurocognitive behavioral development of infants aged 2–3 years. Furthermore, we correlated metabolite levels with ultrasound data, including physical development and brain injury indicators, and ASQ-3 data using Spearman’s-based correlation tests. In addition, special combinations of differential metabolites were used to construct predictive models for the occurrence of sFGR and fetal brain injury. Results Our findings revealed various dynamic patterns for these metabolites during pregnancy and a maximum of differential metabolites between sFGR and MCDA in the second trimester (n = 8). The combination of l-phenylalanine, l-leucine, and l-isoleucine in the second trimester, which were closely related to fetal growth indicators, was highly predictive of sFGR occurrence (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.878). The combination of l-serine, l-histidine, and l-arginine in the first trimester and creatinine in the second trimester was correlated with long-term neurocognitive behavioral development and showed the capacity to identify fetal brain injury with high accuracy (AUC: 0.94). Conclusions The performance of maternal plasma metabolites from the first and second trimester is superior to those from the third trimester and cord plasma in discerning sFGR and fetal brain injury. These metabolites may serve as useful biomarkers for early prediction and promising targets for early intervention in clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic dynamics and prediction of sFGR and adverse fetal outcomes: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Huang,

Chen,

Jiang

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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“…Leucine supplementation to control diet during lactation increased the lean/fat mass ratio of dams without affecting the body weight of weaning offspring [ 21 ]. In contrast, leucine supplementation to protein-restricted dams during pregnancy improved fetal growth restriction [ 22 ] and hepatic development in weaning offspring [ 23 ]. In addition, a BCAA mixture in food-restricted dams suppresses programmed hypertension in adult offspring [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucine supplementation in maternal high-fat diet alleviated adiposity and glucose intolerance of adult mice offspring fed a postweaning high-fat diet

Kim

Kwon

2023

Lipids Health Dis

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Background Combined maternal and postnatal high-fat (HF) diet intake predisposes offspring to metabolic dysregulation during adulthood. As the inhibitory effects of leucine consumption on obesity and metabolic disorders have been reported, the effects of maternal leucine supplementation on metabolic dysregulation in adult offspring were investigated. Methods Female mice were exposed to a control (C) or HF diet, with or without leucine (L) supplementation (1.5%, w/v), 3 weeks before mating, during pregnancy, and during lactation (C, CL, HF, and HFL). Male offspring were exposed to an HF diet for 12 weeks after weaning (C/HF, CL/HF, HF/HF, and HFL/HF). Serum biochemical parameters were determined for both the dams and offspring. Oral glucose tolerance test and qRT-PCR analysis were used to investigate metabolic dysregulation in the offspring. Results HFL dams exhibited higher relative adipose tissue weights than HF dams. Body weight, relative adipose tissue weight, and serum glucose levels were lower in the HFL/HF offspring than in the HF/HF offspring. Maternal leucine supplementation tended to alleviate glucose intolerance in the offspring of HF diet-fed dams. Additionally, mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hepatokine associated with glucose homeostasis, were higher in HFL/HF offspring than in HF/HF offspring and were negatively correlated with adiposity and serum glucose levels. The mRNA levels of genes encoding a FGF21 receptor complex, Fgf receptor 1 and klotho β, and its downstream targets, proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ co‐activator 1α and sirtuin 1, were higher in adipose tissues of the HFL/HF offspring than in those of the HF/HF offspring. Serum lipid peroxide levels were lower in HFL dams than in HF dams and positively correlated with body and adipose tissue weights of offspring. Conclusions Leucine supplementation in HF diet-fed dams, but not in control diet-fed dams, resulted in an anti-obesity phenotype accompanied by glucose homeostasis in male offspring challenged with postnatal HF feeding. Activation of FGF21 signaling in the adipose tissue of offspring may be responsible for these beneficial effects of leucine.

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Maternal low-protein diet alters hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to glucose metabolism in young adult mouse offspring fed a postweaning high-fat diet

Kim,

Choi,

Kwon

2023

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Effects of maternal branched-chain amino acid and alanine supplementation on growth and biomarkers of protein metabolism in dams fed a low-protein diet and their offspring

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Metabolic dynamics and prediction of sFGR and adverse fetal outcomes: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Metabolic dynamics and prediction of sFGR and adverse fetal outcomes: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Leucine supplementation in maternal high-fat diet alleviated adiposity and glucose intolerance of adult mice offspring fed a postweaning high-fat diet

Maternal low-protein diet alters hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to glucose metabolism in young adult mouse offspring fed a postweaning high-fat diet

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