Effects of maternal nutrition on development of gastrointestinal tract of bovine fetus at different stages of gestation

Duarte, Márcio de Souza; Gionbelli, Mateus Pies; Paulino, P. V. R.; Serão, Nick V. L.; Martins, Tereza Silva; Tótaro, Priscila Izabel Santos de; Neves, Clóvis Andrade; Filho, Sebastião de Campos Valadares; Dodson, Michael V.; Zhu, Mei‐Jun; Du, Min

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.01.006

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, none of the organs and tissues evaluated in the current study demonstrated this behavior. Similar results were observed by Duarte et al (2013) in fetuses from beef cows that were fed ad libitum or maintenance diets. According to Weaver et al (1991), the phase of rapid growth of the gastrointestinal tract occurs in the third trimester of gestation in species that have a long gestational period.…”

Section: Fetal Viscera and Organ Masssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However, these studies applied an intensive nutrient restriction that did not meet the energy requirements; in the present experiment, we applied a feed restriction but one that met the energy requirements for maintenance. Moreover, when studying ad libitum-fed or maintenance-fed beef cows, Duarte et al (2013) observed that maternal feed restriction did not affect the development of most fetal gastrointestinal parts, except that the small intestine had an increased surface area as a response to maternal feed nutrition. The lack of effect of FR on the reticulum-rumen mass may be due to the nonfunctionality of these compartments at the fetal stage; theoretically, there is no need to expand the surface area of the stomach to increase nutrient absorption, as this occurs in the small intestine (Duarte et al, 2013).…”

Section: Fetal Viscera and Organ Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: II. Maternal and fetal visceral organ mass

Rotta

Filho

Gionbelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study investigated the influence of day of gestation (DG) and feeding regimens (FR) on maternal and fetal visceral organ mass in Holstein × Gyr cows. Forty-four pregnant multiparous Holstein × Gyr cows with an average initial body weight of 480±10.1 kg and an average initial age of 5±0.5 yr were allocated to 1 of 2 FR: ad libitum (AL; n=20) or maintenance level (ML; n=24). Maintenance level was considered to be 1.15% of body weight (dry matter basis) and met 100% of the energy requirements; AL provided 190% of the total net energy requirements. Cows were individually fed a corn silage and concentrate-based diet composed of 93% roughage and 7% concentrate (dry matter basis) as a total mixed ration twice daily. Pregnant cows were slaughtered at 4 DG: 139 (n=11), 199 (n=11), 241 (n=11), and 268 (n=11) d, which was followed by necropsy. Mass of heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract was heavier in AL- than in ML-fed cows. Mammary gland mass was heavier in AL- than in ML-fed cows, and the heaviest mass was observed at 268 d of gestation. Feeding regimen did not influence fetal body weight in this study. The majority of the visceral organ masses were similar in fetuses from cows fed AL or ML. These data indicate that maternal feed restriction does not affect the development of most fetal organs or fetal development; however, some maternal organs are affected by the FR provided. Moreover, the negative effect on mammary gland mass caused by ML feeding will probably not affect the subsequent lactation because the crude protein concentration in the mammary gland increased with ML feeding. However, we suggest that the AL diet in pregnant dry cows should be provided with caution because the amount of fat in the mammary gland increased at 268 d of gestation.

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Section: Fetal Viscera and Organ Masssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Fetal Viscera and Organ Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: II. Maternal and fetal visceral organ mass

Rotta

Filho

Gionbelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Moreover, it has been reported that lambs from ewes submitted to nutritional restriction had better immunoglobulin absorption efficiency during the first hours after birth, while lambs from overnourished sheep had reduced immunoglobulin absorption efficiency (Hammer et al., ). In many of these cases, the foetal intestinal development changes were suggested as adjustments due to a lower or higher maternal ability to produce colostrum according to the feeding level during pregnancy (Swanson et al., ; Hammer et al., ; Duarte et al., ). Information on the direct effects of maternal feeding plan on the foetal intestinal development independent of colostrum production is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal development of bovine foetuses during gestation is affected by foetal sex and maternal nutrition

Gionbelli

Rotta

Veloso

et al. 2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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We aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal nutrition (MN) and foetal sex on the intestinal development of bovine foetuses throughout different days of gestation (DG). Forty-four multiparous, dry Holstein × Gyr cows with average initial body weight of 480 ± 10 kg were fed the same diet of either restricted feeding at 1.15% of body weight (CO, n = 24) or fed ad libitum (overnourished, ON, n = 20). Six cows from CO group and five cows from ON group were slaughtered at 139, 199, 241 and 268 DG, and foetuses were necropsied to evaluate the intestinal development. The mass, length and density of foetal intestines were not affected by MN (p ≥ 0.260). An interaction between MN and DG was observed for the villi length of jejunum (p = 0.006) and ileum (p < 0.001). Villi length of jejunum and ileum was higher (p < 0.10) in foetuses from ON-fed cows than in foetuses from CO-fed cows at 139 DG. However, at 199 DG, the villi length of jejunum and ileum of foetuses from CO-fed cows was higher than in foetuses from ON-fed cows. Despite these differences, MN did not affect the villi length of jejunum and ileum at 268 DG (p > 0.10). Female foetuses had greater small intestine mass (p = 0.093), large intestine mass (p = 0.022), small intestine mass in proportion to body mass (p = 0.017) and large intestine mass in proportion to body mass (p < 0.001) than male foetuses. Female foetuses had also longer small intestine (p = 0.077) and greater small intestine density (p = 0.021) and villi length of jejunum (p = 0.001) and ileum (p = 0.010) than males. We conclude that MN affects the pathway for the development of foetal villi length throughout the gestation in bovine foetuses without changing the final villi length. Female foetuses had higher intestinal mass, density and villi length than males during the foetal phase in bovines.

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“…This scenario may lead to increased efficiency in nutrient use in the final stage of pregnancy (Bauman and Currie, 1980;Bonnet et al, 2002;Duarte et al, 2013), which may not be sufficient to compensate for the decreased dry matter intake, so the pregnant goat may have a negative energy balance (Bell, 1995). As a consequence, the female starts to mobilize body reserves to meet its energy requirements as well as use alternative substrates to produce propionate for glucose synthesis in the liver (Prezotto et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in maternal body composition and metabolism of dairy goats during pregnancy

et al. 2015

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the mobilization of nutrients in goats of different gestation types and pregnancy stages. Forty-four Saanen and Oberhasli goats were studied. The goats of each breed and gestation type (single or twin) were slaughtered at different gestational ages (80, 110, and 140 days of pregnancy), forming a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (two breeds, three gestational ages, and two types of pregnancy). The slaughter procedure involved separating the empty body, mammary glands, uterus with membranes and fetal fluid, and fetus(es). For the females slaughtered at 140 days of pregnancy, blood was collected to analyze metabolites and hormones every 15 days during gestation. The dry matter (DM) intake was lower in goats with twin pregnancies. The relative daily retention rate of the nutrients in the body was positive at 100 days of pregnancy but became negative at 140 days (-0.18±0.25 g DM kg -1 of maternal body d -1) and did not differ with breed or number of fetuses. Fetal growth in twin pregnancies was 66% higher than in single pregnancies. The highest levels of ß-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids were observed beginning at 100 days of gestation. Serum total protein and albumin levels decreased after 125 days of gestation. Serum urea levels were reduced after 80 days of gestation. Plasma 17ß-estradiol levels increased with the advance of pregnancy, and IGF-1 was highest between 60 and 80 days of gestation. The maternal metabolism throughout pregnancy does not vary with the type of pregnancy, and pregnant goats need greater nutritional intake during the final third of the gestational period regardless of the breed or type of pregnancy.

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Effects of maternal nutrition on development of gastrointestinal tract of bovine fetus at different stages of gestation

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: II. Maternal and fetal visceral organ mass

Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: II. Maternal and fetal visceral organ mass

Intestinal development of bovine foetuses during gestation is affected by foetal sex and maternal nutrition

Changes in maternal body composition and metabolism of dairy goats during pregnancy

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