Effects of Maternal Obesity on Fetal Programming: Molecular Approaches

Neri, Caterina; Edlow, Andrea G.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a026591

Cited by 84 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with inflammation in the offspring [53, 54] and epigenetic phenomena [55, 56]. Epigenetic processes have been invoked to explain the relationships between impaired development and social status [57], immaturity [58], and inflammation [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

Burg¹,

Jensen

Bor³

et al. 2017

Early Human Development

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Background Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, in term-born children, is associated with an increased risk of attention problems, however this relationship has not been explored among children born extremely preterm. Aim To estimate the risk of attention problems at age 10 years in children born very preterm to overweight (i.e., body mass index (BMI) 25-29 kg/m2) and obese (i.e., BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) women relative to the risk among children born to women who were neither overweight nor obese (i.e. BMI < 25 kg/m2). Study design Multi-center prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 764 children born before the 28th week of gestation and whose mother’s pre-pregnancy height and pre-pregnancy weight were obtained at birth had an IQ ≥ 70 at age 10 years when parents and teachers completed Child Symptom Inventory-4 questionnaires that included items about the presence of ADHD. Results Compared to children whose mother’s pre-pregnancy weight was in the normal range (BMI <25 kg/m2), children were at increased risk of parent-identified ADHD behaviors if their mother was overweight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 3.3), or obese (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.9). They were not at increased risk of teacher-identified ADHD characteristics if their mother was overweight before her pregnancy (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.8), or obese (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.6). Conclusion Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of parent-identified ADHD characteristics at 10 years of age in children born extremely preterm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

Burg¹,

Jensen

Bor³

et al. 2017

Early Human Development

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“…Birth order also affects birth weight, and lower birth weight in turn correlates with increased metabolic syndrome related diseases later in life, such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and adiposity . Moreover, since the hygiene hypothesis was first proposed, the field of epigenetics has evolved, and many lines of evidence indicate that early life events, including nutrition of the mother, strongly influence later susceptibility of offspring to certain diseases . For instance, maternal diet or metabolism, particularly during the prenatal period, is likely to have pronounced epigenetic influences on individuals later in life .…”

Section: Diet As An Alternative or Additional Contributor Over Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29][30][31] Moreover, since the hygiene hypothesis was first proposed, the field of epigenetics has evolved, and many lines of evidence indicate that early life events, including nutrition of the mother, strongly influence later susceptibility of offspring to certain diseases. 30,32 For instance, maternal diet or metabolism, particularly during the prenatal period, is likely to have pronounced epigenetic influences on individuals later in life. 30,33 Women with altered metabolic homeostasis during pregnancy give birth to children that are prone to develop obesity, type 1 diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases later in life.…”

Section: Diet As An Alternative or Additional Contributor Over Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrition‐gut microbiome‐physiology axis and allergic diseases

McKenzie

Tan

Macia

et al. 2017

Immunological Reviews

241

202

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Dietary and bacterial metabolites influence immune responses. This raises the question whether the increased incidence of allergies, asthma, some autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, and others might relate to intake of unhealthy foods, and the decreased intake of dietary fiber. In recent years, new knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underpinning a 'diet-gut microbiota-physiology axis' has emerged to substantiate this idea. Fiber is fermented to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. These metabolites bind 'metabolite-sensing' G-protein-coupled receptors such as GPR43, GPR41, and GPR109A. These receptors play fundamental roles in the promotion of gut homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory responses. For instance, these receptors and their metabolites influence Treg biology, epithelial integrity, gut homeostasis, DC biology, and IgA antibody responses. The SCFAs also influence gene transcription in many cells and tissues, through their inhibition of histone deacetylase expression or function. Contained in this mix is the gut microbiome, as commensal bacteria in the gut have the necessary enzymes to digest dietary fiber to SCFAs, and dysbiosis in the gut may affect the production of SCFAs and their distribution to tissues throughout the body. SCFAs can epigenetically modify DNA, and so may be one mechanism to account for diseases with a 'developmental origin', whereby in utero or post-natal exposure to environmental factors (such as nutrition of the mother) may account for disease later in life. If the nutrition-gut microbiome-physiology axis does underpin at least some of the Western lifestyle influence on asthma and allergies, then there is tremendous scope to correct this with healthy foodstuffs, probiotics, and prebiotics.

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“…Several non‐mutually exclusive biological mechanisms are postulated to be involved in these associations. During pregnancy, hormonal and inflammatory perturbations (Mehta, Kerver, Sokol, Keating, & Paneth, ; Sullivan, Nousen, & Chamlou, ; van der Burg et al, ), as well as excessive or suboptimal nutrient intake (e.g., high‐fat diet (Niculescu & Lupu, , Sasaki, de Vega, Sivanathan, St‐Cyr, & McGowan, , Sullivan et al, )), could lead to deficits in fetal brain development, including inadequate synapse formation as well as perturbed neuronal proliferation and differentiation, resulting in abnormalities in neuronal structure and function (Bouret, ; Edlow et al, ; Neri & Edlow, ; Tozuka, Wada, & Wada, ). Evidence from animal models suggests that a high‐fat diet combined with excessive GWG can lead to high levels of inflammatory cytokines (Niculescu & Lupu, ; Tozuka et al, ) that can potentially permanently alter fetal brain development trajectories (Bolton & Bilbo, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with impaired child neurodevelopment

Widen

Kahn

Cirillo

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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The authors examined the relationship of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with child neurodevelopment. Mother-child dyads were a subgroup (n = 2,084) of the Child Health and Development Studies from the Oakland, California, area enrolled during pregnancy from 1959 to 1966 and followed at child age 9 years. Linear regression was used to examine associations between prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and standardized Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and Raven Progressive Matrices scores and to evaluate effect modification of GWG by prepregnancy BMI. Before pregnancy, 77% of women were normal weight, 8%were underweight, 11% were overweight, and 3% were obese. Associations between GWG and child outcomes did not vary by prepregnancy BMI, suggesting no evidence for interaction.In multivariable models, compared to normal prepregnancy BMI, prepregnancy overweight and Gage et al., 2013;Hinkle et al., 2012;Hinkle et al., 2016;Huang et al., 2014;Keim & Pruitt, 2012;Pugh et al., 2015;Pugh et al., 2016a;Pugh et al., 2016b;Tavris & Read, 1982;Torres-Espinola et al., 2015). Finally, several studies only evaluated effects of BMI or GWG alone, and did not evaluate the joint associations between these factors (Basatemur et al., 2013;Brion et al., 2011;Hinkle et al., 2013;Krakowiak et al., 2012;Mann et al., 2013;Neggers et al., 2003;Rodriguez, 2010;Rodriguez et al., 2008;Tanda et al., 2013;Tavris & Read, 1982;Torres-Espinola et al., 2015). Our objective was to determine the relationship of maternal prepregnancy BMI and GWG with child neurodevelopment in midchildhood among mother-child dyads who participated in the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS). We hypothesized that higher prepregnancy BMI and higher GWG would have negative associations with child cognitive outcomes. We also hypothesized that associations of GWG with child cognitive outcomes would vary by prepregnancy BMI, with stronger negative associations in women with higher BMI. | METHODSThe CHDS is a prospective birth cohort that has been previously

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Effects of Maternal Obesity on Fetal Programming: Molecular Approaches

Cited by 84 publications

References 198 publications

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

Maternal obesity and attention-related symptoms in the preterm offspring

The nutrition‐gut microbiome‐physiology axis and allergic diseases

Prepregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with impaired child neurodevelopment

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