Effects of mature cystic teratoma on reproductive health and malignant transformation: A retrospective analysis of 80 cases

Abstract

MCTs can be present concurrent with endometriomas. In such cases the complaints of infertility are more distinct. In MCT malign degeneration, mass diameter, complex mass internal structure and postmenopausal status are important factors.

Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary

“…10, Carcinomas can arise from any mature epithelial tissue. Adenosquamous carcinoma 13,14 Anaplastic Carcinoma 15 Angiosarcoma 16,17 Atypical compound nevus 18 BRAF-wild type PTEN mutant uveal malignant melanoma 19 Carcinoid tumor [20][21][22] Carcinosarcoma 23 Chordoma 24 Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma 25 Fibrosarcoma 26 Follicular lymphoma 27 Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma 28 Ganglioneuroblastoma 29 Glioblastoma multiforme 30 Granular cell tumor 31 High-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma 32 Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma 33 Leiomyosarcoma 34 Low-grade astrocytoma 35 Malignant melanoma 10,36 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 37,38 Multifocal carcinoma arising in struma ovarii 21 Oligodendroglioma/oligodendroglial cell proliferation 20,39 Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma 40 Ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 41 Papillary thyroid carcinoma 20,42 Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 43 Primary apocrine adenocarcinoma 44 Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor 45 Prostate-type adenocarcinoma 46 Rhabdomyosarcoma 47 Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma 48 Sebaceous carcinoma 21,49,…”

“…Less frequent histologic types include adenocarcinoma, sarcomas, thyroid carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and neuroectodermal tumors, among others (Table 1). 10,13–56 Carcinomas can arise from any mature epithelial tissue. Squamous cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma arises from the epidermal component via a carcinoma in situ pathway, or from the respiratory epithelium via squamous metaplasia/dysplasia/carcinoma in situ pathway 2,7,11 .…”

Coexistence of mature cystic teratomas and endometriosis

“…They also found 6 patients with dermoid cyst and endometriosis or endometrioma in the same ovary. In a study of 80 patients with MCTs, Kurt et al, tried to find out their association with fertility and to detect the rate of malignant degeneration [5]. They found that MCT was encountered in 9 patients during examination for infertility, 6 of whom had accompanying endometriosis.…”

“…In addition, the researcher found that damage to ovarian reserve after surgery was also greater in patients with MCTs alone [6]. Kurt et al reported that MCTs can be present concurrent with endometriomas, but infertility is prominent in patients with concurrent endometriosis [5]. According to Shi et al endometriotic cells of endometriomas synthesize and secret transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β 1), which promotes surrounding ovarian tissue fibrosis and adhesion, eventually rendering the cystectomy surgery difficult and loss of ovarian tissue inadvertently [68].…”

“…Although MCTs and endometriosis are benign ovarian tumors encountered frequently in women of childbearing age, the coexistence of these two diseases has been reported in only a few case reports so far. However, a few studies describing the coexistence MCTs and endometriosis directly or indirectly have been published recently [3,4,5,6]. Therefore, the author intended to gather and organize available knowledge to help find the clinical implications of this rare and challenging condition and establish a framework for diagnosis and treatment.…”