Effects of Media Formulation on the Growth and Morphology of Ectomycorrhizae and Their Association with Host Plant

Abstract

Tricholoma matsutake and Rhizopogon roseolus form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) association with their host plant on natural habitats. The main objective of this study was to test mycelial growth, morphology, and host plant survival both in vitro and in vivo when treated with enriched media. Aseptically germinated seedlings of Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii were inoculated with the strains of T. matsutake and R. roseolus, respectively. Under in vitro conditions mycelial growth rates performed best on pH 5 and were better on Modified-Melin-Norkrans-(MMN) based medium and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA); addition of micronutrients and vitamins in MMN mycelial growth rates had 6-27% differences. Without ECM, plant survival rates on standard media were 30% to below 30% and by inclusion of elements they were 50% to 80%. On in vivo, soil containing different media with ECM allowed successful mycorrhizal association and increased seedling survival rates approximately 100%. Our findings confirm that MMN and PDA allowed higher mycelial growth but poor plant survival (<30%); however, enriched media supported 100% plant survival with successful ECM associations. The present method is advantageous in terms of giving objectivity for ECM by employing suitable media for strains and host plant, and making it possible for mass production of ECM-infected seedlings.

A New Report on Edible Tropical Bolete,Phlebopus spongiosusin Thailand and Its Fruiting Body Formation without the Need for a Host Plant

“…The optimum temperature and pH value used to produce the highest mycelial growth and biomass production of this fungus were 30 C and a pH of 5.0, respectively. These results were in accordance with the findings of previous studies which had reported that the optimal temperature for mycelial growth of most cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi ranged from 20 to 30 C, and that the optimal pH of the medium ranged from 4.0-7.0 depending on both the fungal species and on the fungal strain [42,60,63]. Similarly, the findings of Le et al [28] revealed that the optimal temperature and pH value for the mycelial growth of P. spongiosus BC-F0075 were observed at 30 C and pH 4.0-5.0, respectively.…”

“…This result was supported by the findings of several previous studies which reported that the mycelial growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure cultures is influenced by changes to the components of the cultivation medium. This is because the suitable cultivation medium is dependent upon the fungal species being studied [ 42 , 59 , 60 ]. Our results were similar to those of Le et al.…”

Cd and Zn interactions and toxicity in ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes in axenic culture

“…Most of the species in the current study presented considerable growth at 1 mg L −1 Zn; however, H. crustuliniforme had an unexpected reduction on the tolerance index, suggesting that its growth may have been influenced by other factors, such as the media itself. MMN medium usually offers effective results for ECM fungi tests, however some species display different responses to growth media depending on aspects such as nutrient composition or pH ( Islam & Ohga, 2013 ). For example, Willenborg, Schmitz & Lelley (1990) also found poor development of H. crustuliniforme in MMN media, which was almost half the growth reached by the same strain in malt extract media.…”

Influencia de diferentes medios de cultivo y niveles de pH en el crecimiento in vitro de 6 cepas del género Suillus

“…Por lo tanto, para los trabajos de inoculación con hongos micorrícicos, se requiere de inoculantes fúngicos a gran escala, por estas razones es necesario definir la composición óptima del medio de cultivo para cada hongo tomando en cuenta las diferentes cepas una gran variación de condiciones del suelo (Islam & Ohga, 2013).…”