Effects of Melatonin on Morphological and Functional Parameters of the Pineal Gland and Organs of Immune System in Rats During Natural Light Cycle and Constant Illumination

Литвиненко, Г. И.; Shurlygina, A. V.; Gritsyk, O. B.; Мельникова, Е. В.; Тендитник, М. В.; Avrorov, Pavel A.; Труфакин, В. А.

doi:10.1007/s10517-015-3061-z

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, is most well known for its effects on circadian rhythm, immune function, free radical scavenging, and anti‐oxidative activity . The beneficial effects of melatonin in improving general health following PD have increasingly been reported .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic supplement with melatonin successfully suppresses the pathogenesis of periodontitis through normalizing RANKL/OPG ratio and depressing the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway

Renn

Huang

Feng

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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Periodontitis (PD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by gingival inflammation and resorption of alveolar bone. Impaired receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) signaling caused by enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of PD. Considering melatonin possesses significant anti-inflammatory property, this study aimed to determine whether prophylactic treatment with melatonin would effectively normalize RANKL/OPG signaling, depress toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLR4/MyD88)-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine activation, and successfully suppress the pathogenesis of PD. PD was induced in adult rats by placing the ligature at molar subgingival regions. Fourteen days before PD induction, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg of melatonin was intraperitoneally injected for consecutive 28 days. Biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect TLR4/MyD88 activity, RANKL, OPG, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, respectively. The extent of bone loss, bone mineral intensity, and calcium intensity was further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicated that high RANKL/OPG ratio, TLR4/MyD88 activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were detected following PD. Impaired biochemical findings paralleled well with severe bone loss and reduced calcium intensity. However, in rats pretreated with melatonin, all above parameters were successfully returned to nearly normal levels with maximal change observed in rats receiving 100 mg/kg. As prophylactic treatment with melatonin effectively normalizes RANKL/OPG signaling by depressing TLR4/MyD88-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production, dietary supplement with melatonin may serve as an advanced strategy to strengthen oral health to counteract PD-induced destructive damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic supplement with melatonin successfully suppresses the pathogenesis of periodontitis through normalizing RANKL/OPG ratio and depressing the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway

Renn

Huang

Feng

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, is best known for its effects on circadian rhythm, immune function, free radical scavenging, and anti‐oxidative activity . During the past few years, the functional role of melatonin in improving cognitive function has been reported .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, is best known for its effects on circadian rhythm, immune function, free radical scavenging, and anti-oxidative activity. [12][13][14][15][16] During the past few years, the functional role of melatonin in improving cognitive function has been reported. 17,18 A variety of studies have demonstrated that melatonin can ameliorate cognitive impairment caused by total sleep deprivation, pesticide exposure, diabetes mellitus, and even irradiation injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin successfully rescues hippocampal bioenergetics and improves cognitive function following drug intoxication by promoting Nrf2‐ARE signaling activity

Chen

Renn

Liao

et al. 2017

Journal of Pineal Research

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Prolonged exposure to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) would cause drug intoxication in which impaired cognitive function results from enhanced hippocampal oxidative stress may serve as a major symptom in this deficiency. Considering melatonin possesses significant anti-oxidative efficacy, this study aimed to determine whether melatonin would successfully promote the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) signaling, depress oxidative stress, and rescue hippocampal bioenergetics and cognitive function following drug intoxication injury. Adolescent rats subjected to 10 days of GHB were received melatonin at doses of either 10 or 100 mg/kg. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, biochemical assay, quantitative histochemistry, [ C]-2-deoxyglucose analysis, together with Morris water maze were employed to detect the molecular signaling, oxidative status, bioenergetic level, as well as the cognitive performances, respectively. Results indicated that in GHB-intoxicated rats, enhanced oxidative stress, increased cholesterol level, and decreased anti-oxidative enzymes activities were detected in hippocampal regions. Intense oxidative stress paralleled well with reduced bioenergetics and poor performance in behavioral testing. However, in rats treated with melatonin following GHB intoxication, all above parameters and cognitive function were gradually returned to nearly normal levels. Melatonin also remarkably promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus in a dose-dependent manner, thereby increased the Nrf2-ARE signaling-related downstream anti-oxidative enzymes activities. As melatonin effectively rescues hippocampal bioenergetics through depressing the oxidative stress by promoting Nrf2-ARE molecular machinery, this study thus highlights for the first time that clinical use of melatonin may serve as a therapeutic strategy to improve the cognitive function in unsuspecting victims suffered from GHB intoxication injury.

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“…Monochromatic green light (560 nm) illumination may enhance antioxidant capacity in the chick thymus through T lymphocyte proliferation. Some studies have reported an increased immune function of the thymus through an increased organ index and IL-2 concentration [ 136 , 204 ] following the exposure of chickens to monochromatic green light (560 nm). These results confirm previous studies showing that green light enhanced B lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen [ 125 , 163 ] and small intestine [ 78 , 205 ].…”

Section: The Immune Response Under the Influence Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens

Horodincu,

Solcan

2023

Animals

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It is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine–immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune–pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560–480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body’s internal response.

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Effects of Melatonin on Morphological and Functional Parameters of the Pineal Gland and Organs of Immune System in Rats During Natural Light Cycle and Constant Illumination

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Prophylactic supplement with melatonin successfully suppresses the pathogenesis of periodontitis through normalizing RANKL/OPG ratio and depressing the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway

Prophylactic supplement with melatonin successfully suppresses the pathogenesis of periodontitis through normalizing RANKL/OPG ratio and depressing the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway

Melatonin successfully rescues hippocampal bioenergetics and improves cognitive function following drug intoxication by promoting Nrf2‐ARE signaling activity

Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens

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