Effects of meloxicam and rofecoxib on psychomotor performance: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study

Al-Nimer, Marwan S.M.

doi:10.4103/0253-7613.39149

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Orlistat effectively reduces dietary fat absorption and decreases total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in plasma, also potently inhibits lipoprotein lipase, monoacylglycerol lipase and diacylglycerol lipase, which may involve in deterioration of cognitive function. 6,7 It concludes that orlistat indirectly improves the psychomotor performance and possibly via its attenuating effect on the reactive nitrogen species. 11 Therefore, most probably that orlistat improves the psychomotor performance via inhibiting the absorption of certain micronutrients which adversely affect the brain or its effect on the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their 6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice reaction time (CRT) task is used as an indicator of sensorimotor performance, assessing the ability to attend and respond to a critical stimulus. 6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their preferred hand on a central starting button and are instructed to extinguish one of six equidistant red lights, illuminated at random, by pressing the response key in front of the light as quickly as possible. The mean of 15 consecutive presentations is recorded as a response measure of three components of reaction time: recognition, motor and total reaction time (TRT).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their Lipstatin is a specific irreversible potent natural inhibitor of pancreatic and gastric lipases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance, using Leeds Battery Psychomotor Instrument was assessed daily up to 5 days.The choice reaction time (CRT) task is used as an indicator of sensorimotor performance, assessing the ability to attend and respond to a critical stimulus. 6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their…”

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confidence: 99%

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Orlistat improves psychomotor performance in humans

Al-Nimer

Al-Gareeb

Al-Kuraishy

2013

Clinical Pharm in Drug Dev

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Keywords nitrogen species, orlistat, psychomotor performance Orlistat or tetrahydrolipstatin, the saturated synthetic derivative of lipstatin, is a naturally substance produced by the bacterium Streptomyces toxytricini. Lipstatin is a specific irreversible potent natural inhibitor of pancreatic and gastric lipases. The primary function of orlistat is to prevent the absorption of fats from the human diet. Orlistat exerts its pharmacologic activity by forming a covalent bond with the active serine site of gastric and pancreatic lipases in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. This action prevents these enzymes from hydrolyzing dietary fat (in the form of triglycerides) into absorbable free fatty acids and monoglycerols.Unlike other weight-reducing drugs it is minimally absorbed and has no effects on the center nervous system. 1 Long term therapy of orlistat improved the brain perfusion in human with evidence of metabolic syndrome. 2 There is evidence that high dietary fat especially trans-and saturated fats adversely affect cognition. 3 The precise physiologic mechanisms underlying these dietary influences are not completely understood. There is a cross link between dietary fat, cognitive function and circulating reactive nitrogen species. In experimental animal model, the serum levels of nitrate/nitrite were decreased in mice fed a high fat diet 4 and other study demonstrated the role of nitric oxide (NO) that derived from neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was implicated in early cognitive/ motor deficit in several neuro-pathological states. 5 This study aimed to test the hypothesis that orlistat prevents the absorption of fat which consequently and indirectly produces changes in psychomotor performance that linked to the circulating reactive nitrogen species. Subjects and MethodsThis study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, at Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad, Iraq. Twenty healthy male volunteers (medical students) aged between 20 and 22 years (mean age 21 years) were allocated randomly from college. All participants were in good health, without any significant clinical history of physical or mental illness and not taking any concomitant medication that was likely to admit in the study. Written informed consent obtained from all participants and the study approved by Local Scientific Committee of the institution.This study was a randomized, single-blind, where each subject acted as own control. The drug under investigation was orlistat (120 mg) was taken as a single dose 2 hours before laboratory battery assessment at 9 am for 5 days. This dosage regimen did not interfere with dietary fat absorption and the participants instructed not to change their dietary habit. All participants who entered the study were familiarized with the study procedures and trained on the battery of psychometric tests in order to preclude learning effects. The participants were grouped into two groups, each of 10 to receive a placebo or orlistat treatment.The test began with pre-treatment basel...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their 6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Participants are required to place the index finger of their Lipstatin is a specific irreversible potent natural inhibitor of pancreatic and gastric lipases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orlistat improves psychomotor performance in humans

Al-Nimer

Al-Gareeb

Al-Kuraishy

2013

Clinical Pharm in Drug Dev

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Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: Road from Success to Controversy and the Quest for Repurposing

et al. 2022

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The introduction of selective COX-2 inhibitors (so-called ‘coxibs’) has demonstrated tremendous commercial success due to their claimed lower potential of serious gastrointestinal adverse effects than traditional NSAIDs. However, following the repeated questioning on safety concerns, the coxibs ‘controversial me-too’ saga increased substantially, inferring to the risk of cardiovascular complications, subsequently leading to the voluntary withdrawal of coxibs (e.g., rofecoxib and valdecoxib) from the market. For instance, the makers (Pfizer and Merck) had to allegedly settle individual claims of cardiovascular hazards from celecoxib and valdecoxib. Undoubtedly, the lessons drawn from this saga revealed the flaws in drug surveillance and regulation, and taught science to pursue a more integrated translational approach for data acquisition and interpretation, prompting science-based strategies of risk avoidance in order to sustain the value of such drugs, rather than their withdrawal. Looking forward, coxibs are now being studied for repurposing, given their possible implications in the management of a myriad of diseases, including cancer, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on. This article briefly summarizes the development of COX-2 inhibitors to their market impression, followed by the controversy related to their toxicity. In addition, the events recollected in hindsight (the past lessons), the optimistic step towards drug repurposing (the present), and the potential for forthcoming success (the future) are also discussed.

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Effects of meloxicam and rofecoxib on psychomotor performance: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Orlistat improves psychomotor performance in humans

Orlistat improves psychomotor performance in humans

Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: Road from Success to Controversy and the Quest for Repurposing

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