Effects of membrane morphology and operating conditions on microfiltration particle fouling

Chemical cleaning of a cross-flow microfiltration membrane fouled by microalgal biomass

“…Similarly, Zhang et al found that the main foulant deposited on the membrane was algal cake; the rest of the foulant composition included adsorbed or bonded organic and biological compounds [29]. Therefore, because the mean size diameter of Chlorella cells is approximately 3.67 mm, the blocking of the 1.2 mm pores falls under the category of 'complete blocking' where the Chlorella cells will deposit on the membrane surface to block the entrances of the membrane pores completely [20,30,31] and that the pore pathways are also plugged by the smaller bacteria and biological compounds that are entrapped in the structure. This pores blocking leading to the fouling of membrane surface.…”

The preparation of porous polyamide-imide nanofiber membrane by using electrospinning for MF application

“…The filtrate was collected into a receiver on a balance. The mass of filtrate was recorded during the filtration, which was plotted against time [10]. Water flux was then determined according to the following Eq.…”

Retardation of heat exchanger surfaces mineral fouling by water-based diethylenetriamine pentaacetate-treated CNT nanofluids

“…The formation of scale deposits is a complex process, which involves besides the nucleation and growth the formation layer of particles that deposit through sendimentation of particles that either shortly after their formation or through collision adhere on the wall in contact with the aqueous fluids. This mechanism of scale formation, initiated and sustained by sedimentating particles is knows as "Fouling" [1][2][3]. Heat exchangers are an important part of industrial processes as they handle a major portion of total energy consumption.…”