2021
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.554375
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Effects of Menopause in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: An Evidence-Based Review

Abstract: Over two thirds of all individuals who develop multiple sclerosis (MS) will be women prior to the age of menopause. Further, an estimated 30% of the current MS population consists of peri- or postmenopausal women. The presence of MS does not appear to influence age of menopausal onset. In clinical practice, symptoms of MS and menopause can frequently overlap, including disturbances in cognition, mood, sleep, and bladder function, which can create challenges in ascertaining the likely cause of symptoms to be tr… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…Osteoporosis prophylaxis may be offered. Other treatments involve herbal supplements (soy and black cohosh) and off-label use of SSRIs and anticonvulsants [64]. The hormonal therapy involves low estrogen (in an oral, patch, topical, or vaginal formulation).…”
Section: Menopausementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Osteoporosis prophylaxis may be offered. Other treatments involve herbal supplements (soy and black cohosh) and off-label use of SSRIs and anticonvulsants [64]. The hormonal therapy involves low estrogen (in an oral, patch, topical, or vaginal formulation).…”
Section: Menopausementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sex hormones may play a role in this difference, but genes on the X chromosome may also exert effect on the immune system independent of the sex hormones 8. The hormonal component of a sex effect on MS in women is expected to fade away with increasing age, particularly after menopause 9…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 8 The hormonal component of a sex effect on MS in women is expected to fade away with increasing age, particularly after menopause. 9 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, hormonal effects during the menstrual cycle and menopause may exacerbate symptoms of MS or viceversa. 2 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, hormonal effects during the menstrual cycle and menopause may exacerbate symptoms of MS or viceversa. 2 As a result of a complex interplay between neurological dysfunction, polypharmacy and psychological issues, patients with MS (PwMS) experience problems with their sexual and reproductive wellbeing. [3][4][5] Whilst urinary and bowel dysfunction are often discussed and managed, problems with sexual dysfunction, although common, are often overlooked during clinical reviews.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%