Effects of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis on sodium and calcium transport in the dog kidney

Sutton, R. A. L.; Wong, Norman L.M.; Dirks, John H.

doi:10.1038/ki.1979.67

Cited by 266 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Metabolic alkalosis enhances calcium reabsorption. Even when a bicarbonate infusion produces metabolic alkalosis and concomitant volume expansion, a setting in which increased distal sodium delivery would be expected to enhance calcium excretion, increased delivery of bicarbonate to the distal nephron has been shown to increase calcium reabsorption (51). However, metabolic alkalosis is seen much more often in association with volume depletion and chloride losses such as with vomiting.…”

Section: Kidneymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Thiazide diuretics have been reported to be bone sparing (63,115,116) and may reduce the rate of hip fractures and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis (117)(118)(119). This result has been attributed to their widely known effect as an enhancer of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, but thiazide diuretics also induce metabolic alkalosis, which independently enhances the reabsorption of calcium and also may prevent bone loss (51,52).…”

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 91%

“…As shown in Figure 4, part of the interaction involves direct effects of bicarbonate, per se, on the stimulation of calcium transport. The importance of bicarbonate in the renal handling of calcium in the PT, independent of systemic pH, initially was suggested by clearance studies in dogs (51,52). Subsequent micropuncture studies in the rat showed that bicarbonate reabsorption in the PT also stimulated calcium reabsorption (87).…”

Section: Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ensuing natriuresis and diuresis result in volume depletion, which, in turn, decreases the GFR and the filtration of calcium (49). Third, the presence of metabolic alkalosis acts to increase tubular reabsorption of calcium (51,52). Fourth, in the presence of chronic kidney disease, downregulation of the CaSR may reduce calcium excretion further (53).…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of the Milk Alkali Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Milk Alkali Syndrome and the Dynamics of Calcium Homeostasis

Felsenfeld¹,

Levine²

2006

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

107

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Section: Kidneymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesis Of the Milk Alkali Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Milk Alkali Syndrome and the Dynamics of Calcium Homeostasis

Felsenfeld¹,

Levine²

2006

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

107

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“…Increased acid load in conditions such as high dietary protein intake and metabolic acidosis increases urinary Ca 2ϩ excretion (92). A recent study reported that extracellular protons bind to a titratable amino acid, glutamate-522 (a "pH sensor"), in the extracellular loop of rabbit TRPV5 and inhibit its activity (93).…”

Section: Role Of Trp In Divalent Ion Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transient Receptor Potential Superfamily of Ion Channels

Huang

2004

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Abstract. The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of proteins is cation-selective ion channels with six predicted transmembrane segments and intracellularly localized amino and carboxyl termini. Members of the TRP superfamily are identified on the basis of amino acid sequence and structural similarity and are classified into TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPP, TRPN, and TRPML subfamilies. TRP channels are widespread and have diverse functions, ranging from thermal, tactile, taste, osmolar, and fluid flow sensing to transepithelial Ca 2ϩ and Mg 2ϩ transport. Mutations of TRP proteins produce many renal diseases, including Mg 2ϩ wasting, hypocalcemia, and polycystic kidney diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of their functions.The first transient receptor potential (TRP) protein was discovered in studies that examined Drosophila phototransduction (1). The photoreceptor cells of Drosophila exhibit sustained receptor potentials in response to continuous light exposure. The ionic basis for the sustained receptor potentials is influx of Ca 2ϩ from the extracellular space. Cosens and Manning (1) reported in 1969 that one group of mutant flies exhibits TRP upon continuous light exposure and named it trp, for transient receptor potential. The trp gene was cloned in 1989 (2) and subsequently shown to encode a Ca 2ϩ -permeable cation channel (3). Since then, many channels that bear sequence and structural similarities to the Drosophila TRP have been cloned from flies, worms, and mammals. Together, they form the TRP superfamily.Ion channels (e.g., voltage-gated K ϩ channels) are typically identified by their modes of activation and/or ion selectivity. Each family or superfamily of ion channels of similar activation and selectivity consists of multiple members of channel proteins with amino acid sequence homology. Unlike most ion channel families, the TRP superfamily of ion channels are identified on the basis of homology only. The mode of activation and selectivity for TRP channels are disparate. Some TRP channels are activated by ligands, whereas others are regulated by physical stimuli (e.g., heat) or yet-unknown mechanisms. All TRP channels are cation selective, but the selectivity ratio for Ca 2ϩ versus the monovalent cation Na ϩ (P Ca /P Na ) varies widely, ranging from Ͼ100:1, to 1 to 10:1, to Ͻ0.05:1. The lack of common identifying features has in part contributed to the confusing nomenclature of TRP channels in the literature.A recent consensus report proposed a unified nomenclature for the TRP superfamily (4). It classified TRP channels into TRPC, TRPV, and TRPM subfamilies. More recent classification has expanded TRP superfamily to include three additional, more distantly related subfamilies, TRPP, TRPML, and TRPN ( Figure 1). Structurally, all of these TRP channels have six predicted transmembrane (TM) segments and N-terminal and C-terminal cytoplasmic tails similar to topologies of voltagegated K ϩ , Na ϩ , and Ca 2ϩ channels; cyclic nucleotide-gated channels; and hyperpolarizati...

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