Effects of Metal Ions, Metal, and Metal Oxide Particles on the Synthesis of Hydrochars

Saadattalab, Vahid; Wang, Xia; Szego, Anthony E.; Hedin, Niklas

doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b03926

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…CEINs can be synthesized from diverse carbonaceous precursors and iron salts with different results depending on the conditions and post-treatment. , Both phenolic compounds and iron salts are catalysts that modify the products of HTC. , Phenolic compounds with specific ligand configurations can bind to transition metal ions, creating a ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) complex. These complexes are characterized by their strong molar absorptivity, which gives them an intense coloration depending on the number of molecules forming the complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Gallic Acid in the Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Selecting Iron Oxide Composition

2021

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In this work, the role of phenolic compounds in the hydrothermal synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs) was studied. To model phenolic compounds, gallic acid (GA) was selected, with glucose as the carbon source. Iron was found as α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and zero-valent iron (ZVI) depending on the synthesis pH and GA/Fe molar ratio. For GA/Fe = 1, the CEINs’ yield increased significantly. In the samples with phenolics, increasing the initial pH increased the amount of γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 and enhanced the iron oxide encapsulation due to enhanced chelating ability. Reducing the GA/Fe ratio to 0.2 resulted in CEINs with stronger magnetization due to the presence of Fe3O4. Ash weight, HCl digestion, and Raman spectroscopy were used in conjunction to characterize the composition of the CEINs. The magnetization of the samples was compared using a simple magnetic weight setup. A scheme for the reactions occurring during the hydrothermal carbonization of GA–Fe complexes was proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Gallic Acid in the Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Selecting Iron Oxide Composition

2021

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“…The maximum mass yield (see Figure 3) is speculatively related to HMF formed during HTC, which is subsequently sorbed and polymerized on the remaining solid [40,41]. At longer times, the mass yield decreased which may be related to hydrolysis or carbonization of other polysaccharides of the PPS [42], or of other components in the PPS, or further dissolution of soluble components. Note that degradation of cellulose [43][44][45] The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the yield as a function of the dwell time and tem-perature is presented in the supplementary information (Annex S1).…”

Section: Local Maxima In the Mass Yield Of The Hydrochars With Respec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbons Produced from Hydrothermally Carbonized Prickly Pear Seed Waste

et al. 2022

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The agro-sector generates organic waste of various kinds, which potentially could be used to prepare functional materials, lessen environmental problems, and enhance circularity. In this context, the hypothesis that was put forward in this work is that prickly pear seed waste from the Tunisian agro-food industry could be used to prepare activated carbons. The prickly pear seed waste was first hydrothermally carbonized and the resulting hydrochar was activated in CO2 at 800 °C. The yield of the hydrothermal carbonization process is of importance, and it was the highest at intermediate dwell times and temperatures, which was ascribed to the re-precipitation of hydrochar particles on the heat-treated biomass. The hydrochars and activated carbons were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 and CO2 adsorption/desorption analyses. The activated carbons had micro- (<2 nm) and mesopores (2–50 nm), and specific surface areas and total pore volumes of about 400 m2 −1 and 0.21 cm3 g−1. The study showed that the prickly pear seed waste could be effectively transformed into both hydrochars and activated carbons and that is advisable to optimize the hydrothermal process for the mass yield. A life cycle analysis was performed to assess the environmental impact of the production of typical activated carbons using the approach of this study. Further studies could be focused on enhancing the properties of the activated carbons by further optimization of the activation process.

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“…Metal oxides have been shown to be useful catalysts in the synthesis of carbonaceous materials from hydrocarbon precursors [ 18 , 25 ]. The catalytic activity of metal oxides occurs under varying conditions of temperature, pressure, and the type of hydrocarbon reactants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Carbonization of Discard Coal with Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate towards the Preparation of Metallurgical Coke

et al. 2023

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Waste plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (w-PET) and stockpiled discard coal (d-coal) pose a global environmental threat as they are disposed of in large quantities as solid waste into landfills and are particularly hazardous due to spontaneous combustion of d-coal that produces greenhouse gases (GHG) and the non-biodegradability of w-PET plastic products. This study reports on the development of a composite material, prepared from w-PET and d-coal, with physical and chemical properties similar to that of metallurgical coke. The w-PET/d-coal composite was synthesized via a co-carbonization process at 700 °C under a constant flow of nitrogen gas. Proximate analysis results showed that a carbonized w-PET/d-coal composite could attain up to 35% improvement in fixed carbon content compared to its d-coal counterpart, such that an initial fixed carbon content of 14–75% in carbonized discard coal could be improved to 49–86% in carbonized w-PET/d-coal composites. The results clearly demonstrate the role of d-coal ash on the degree of thermo-catalytic conversion of w-PET to solid carbon, showing that the yield of carbon derived from w-PET (i.e., c-PET) was proportional to the ash content of d-coal. Furthermore, the chemical and physical characterization of the composition and structure of the c-PET/d-coal composite showed evidence of mainly graphitized carbon and a post-carbonization caking ability similar to that of metallurgical coke. The results obtained in this study show potential for the use of waste raw materials, w-PET and d-coal, towards the development of an eco-friendly reductant with comparable chemical and physical properties to metallurgical coke.

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Effects of Metal Ions, Metal, and Metal Oxide Particles on the Synthesis of Hydrochars

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Role of Gallic Acid in the Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Selecting Iron Oxide Composition

Role of Gallic Acid in the Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Selecting Iron Oxide Composition

Activated Carbons Produced from Hydrothermally Carbonized Prickly Pear Seed Waste

Co-Carbonization of Discard Coal with Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate towards the Preparation of Metallurgical Coke

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