Effects of metals on fish behavior: a review

Atchison, Gary J.; Henry, Mary G.; Sandheinrich, Mark B.

doi:10.1007/bf00002324

Cited by 273 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…If a higher proportion of a predator's diet consists of cadmium exposed prey, as they are more likely to be captured, then the possibility of cadmium accumulation up the food chain could be amplified. Cadmium concentrations that could be considered low and environmentally common have now been shown to affect several ecologically relevant behaviors [21,23,24,27] and have the possibility to affect fitness not only by increasing the probability of mortality but also by decreasing fecundity, mate selection efficiency, and recruitment [11,27]. Baker and Montgomery [27] showed in banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) that 0.5 g Cd/L for 48 h is capable of impairing olfactorymediated adult pheromone attraction, while 2 g Cd/L impairs lateral line-mediated rheotaxis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic exposure to low concentrations of waterborne cadmium during embryonic and larval development results in the long‐term hindrance of antipredator behavior in zebrafish

Kusch

Krone

Chivers

2008

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Cadmium has been recognized for some time as a potent environmental pollutant with the capability of disrupting olfactory-mediated behaviors. Failing to respond to chemical cues in the environment could adversely affect foraging, reproduction and predator avoidance. Recognizing this impaired perception as a serious ecological problem has been undermined by the fact that the damage is often reversible; short depuration periods of 5 d may allow for the re-establishment of responses to chemical cues. In this experiment, early life stage zebrafish were continuously exposed for 50 d at 0, 0.2, 2.0, and 20 g Cd/L. The subjects were depurated for 14 d and then subjected to behavioral testing where antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues were observed. Our data show that continuous exposure during rearing to a concentration as low as 20 g Cd/L is sufficient at eliminating antipredator behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio) even after the source of the cadmium had been removed for 14 d. Furthermore, subjects raised under a 10-fold lower concentration also showed alteration in their behavioral responses, taking significantly longer to respond to the predation threat. Exposure to low levels of cadmium throughout development may alter neurogenesis, subsequently resulting in long-term impairment of chemical cue perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic exposure to low concentrations of waterborne cadmium during embryonic and larval development results in the long‐term hindrance of antipredator behavior in zebrafish

Kusch

Krone

Chivers

2008

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Therefore, largescale field studies that verify contamination-induced behavioral modifications are needed (Atchison et al, 1987). Although behavioral traits observed in laboratory settings may be used to predict ecological and evolutionary consequences in natural settings (Réale et al, 2007), studies supporting this theory are largely based on short-term laboratory assays and field verifications are scarce (Conrad et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Induced Behavioral Changes: Using Laboratory Observations to Predict Field Observations

Klaminder

Hellström

Fahlman

et al. 2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Behavioral assays constitute important research tools when assessing how fish respond to environmental change. However, it is unclear how behavioral modifications recorded in laboratory assays are expressed in natural ecosystems, a limitation that makes it difficult to evaluate the predictive power of laboratory-based measurements. In this study, we hypothesized that exposure to a benzodiazepine (i.e., oxazepam) increases boldness and activity in laboratory assays as well as in field assays-that is, laboratory results can be used to predict field results. Moreover, we expected the modified behavior to affect other important ecological measures such as habitat selection and home range. To test our hypothesis, we exposed European perch (Perca fluviatilis) to oxazepam and measured subsequent changes in behavioral trials both in laboratory assays and in a lake ecosystem populated with a predatory fish species, pike (Esox lucius). In the lake, the positions of both perch and pike were tracked every 3 min for a month using acoustic telemetry. In the laboratory assay, the oxazepam-exposed perch were bolder and more active than the non-exposed perch. In the lake assay, the oxazepam-exposed perch were also more bold and active, had a larger home range, and used pelagic habitats more than the non-exposed perch. We conclude that ecotoxicological behavioral assays are useful for predicting the effects of exposure in natural systems. However, although individual responses to exposure were similar in both the laboratory and field trials, effects were more obvious in the field study, mainly due to reduced variability in the behavioral measures from the lake. Hence, short-term behavioral assays may fail to detect all the effects expressed in natural environments. Nevertheless, our study clearly demonstrates that behavioral modifications observed in laboratory settings can be used to predict how fish perform in aquatic ecosystems.

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“…While this is still a valid possibility, in the light of the work presented in the current study, it is more likely that the fish were avoiding the added calcium, not that they were attracted to natural waters without calcium. In addition to calcium, fish have been shown to avoid a number of other cations, including copper, chromium, nickel, cadmium, iron, and zinc (Atchison et al, 1987). Interestingly, a recent paper by Kennedy et al (2012) demonstrates that at the higher concentrations used (10 −3 and 10 − 4 M), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum 1792) avoided L-histidine, a positively charged amino acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smelling salt: Calcium as an odourant for fathead minnows

Dew

Pyle

2014

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Calcium plays an essential role in olfactory sensory neuron function. Studies with fish have indicated that in addition to being involved in olfactory signalling, calcium is itself an odourant. In this study we used fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and employed two different techniques; electro-olfactography (EOG), a neurophysiological technique that measures olfactory acuity at the olfactory epithelium, and a behavioural choice assay using a trough maze. The results demonstrate that calcium and a known odourant L-arginine are cross-adaptive, that calcium induces an EOG response in a concentration-dependent manner, and that calcium induces a strong avoidance behaviour. The behavioural avoidance was also demonstrated to be olfactorydependent. Taken together, the results demonstrate that calcium is a potent odourant for fathead minnows. Being able to smell calcium may represent an ability to sense and avoid areas with significant changes in ionic strength, thereby avoiding physiological stress.

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Effects of metals on fish behavior: a review

Cited by 273 publications

References 80 publications

Chronic exposure to low concentrations of waterborne cadmium during embryonic and larval development results in the long‐term hindrance of antipredator behavior in zebrafish

Chronic exposure to low concentrations of waterborne cadmium during embryonic and larval development results in the long‐term hindrance of antipredator behavior in zebrafish

Drug-Induced Behavioral Changes: Using Laboratory Observations to Predict Field Observations

Smelling salt: Calcium as an odourant for fathead minnows

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