2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57740-1
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Effects of metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA on early life stages of marbled crayfish

Abstract: The effects of the herbicide metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA at two concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations of metazachlor (0.0115 µmol/l and 0.0790 µmol/l) and metazachlor OA (0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l), respectively, were evaluated on early ontogeny, growth, behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme levels, histology, and mortality of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Both tested concentrations of metazachlor and metazachlor OA were associated … Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…However, in our study, crayfish’s early ontogeny did not show potential as a biomarker for monitoring AMPA and AE metabolites in the aquatic environment, as no exposure showed adverse effects on the ontogeny of marbled crayfish. This was similar to observations of chronic exposure to chloridazon residues [ 11 ] and triazine metabolites [ 91 ] on marbled crayfish. The early life stages of crayfish are more susceptible to water pollution, nutritional deprivation, and predation than adults, in both natural and cultured conditions [ 69 ].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
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“…However, in our study, crayfish’s early ontogeny did not show potential as a biomarker for monitoring AMPA and AE metabolites in the aquatic environment, as no exposure showed adverse effects on the ontogeny of marbled crayfish. This was similar to observations of chronic exposure to chloridazon residues [ 11 ] and triazine metabolites [ 91 ] on marbled crayfish. The early life stages of crayfish are more susceptible to water pollution, nutritional deprivation, and predation than adults, in both natural and cultured conditions [ 69 ].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…In contrast, Levine et al [ 46 ], for 21 days of exposure to AMPA (0.75 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L, 6.0 mg/L, and 12), reported no effect on the growth of D. magna (NOEC 15 mg/L) or P. promelas embryos (NOEC 12 mg/L). Impacts on growth have been commonly observed in the early life stages of crayfish exposed to pesticides and their metabolites [ 11 , 41 , 83 , 84 ] as well as in the early life stages of fish [ 1 , 84 ]. These and our results imply that growth is a more sensitive parameter than mortality.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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