Effects of method, rate and time of application of nitrogen fertilizer on seed production of tall fescue

Fairey, N. A.; Lefkovitch, L. P.

doi:10.4141/p97-151

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…An additional 100 kg ha -1 of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (34-0-0) was broadcast on each tall fescue plot immediately after the PHM treatments were applied in August 1996 and 1997, in accordance with its known annual requirement (Fairey and Lefkovitch 1998). Also, as Midnight Kentucky bluegrass is susceptible to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), each plot seeded to this grass was sprayed with a prophylactic application of 500 mL ha -1 Tilt (250 g L -1 propiconazole); in each harvest year, applications were made in early May (to the early-spring vegetative growth), in early-to-mid June, and in late August (to plots with PHM treatments where there was active vegetative growth).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of post-harvest management on seed production of creeping red fescue, tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass in the Peace River region of north-western Canada

Fairey

Lefkovitch²

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Fairey, N. A. and Lefkovitch, L. P. 2001. Effect of post-harvest management on seed production of creeping red fescue, tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass in the Peace River region of north-western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 693-701. A field study in the Peace River region of northwestern Canada evaluated five post-harvest management (PHM) treatments on the seed yield and quality of four grasses, viz. Boreal creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra), Safari and Tomahawk tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreber), and Midnight Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). The PHM treatments were: straw removal after seed harvest plus trimming prior to winter; a single propane burn; a double propane burn; power cultivation; and diuron applied in spring. The study was conducted for 3 consecutive harvest years. The grass × harvest year × PHM interaction was not statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for any of 10 characteristics, viz. panicle density, time of seed maturity, seed yield (per unit land area and per individual panicle), whole-plant yield, harvest index, seed dockage, 1000-seed weight, specific seed weight, and germination capacity. The grass × harvest year interaction was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for each of the 10 characteristics, primarily because of the differential response of the bluegrass as compared to the fescue grasses. The grass × PHM interaction was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for seed yield of individual panicles, harvest index, seed dockage and 1000-seed weight. The PHM × harvest year interaction was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for specific seed weight only. The main effect of PHM was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for specific seed weight and germination capacity only. The average annual seed yield of the two tall fescue cultivars (1002 and 1171 kg ha -1 for Safari and Tomahawk) was approximately twice that of Boreal creeping red fescue (554 kg ha -1 ) and four times that of Midnight Kentucky bluegrass (284 kg ha -1 ). At this northerly latitude (55°N), the effects of any PHM treatment on the seed productivity of these grasses may be limited by the short period of environmental conditions between seed harvest and the onset of winter that are conducive to vegetative and reproductive tiller development. . Les TPM étaient les suivants : enlèvement de la paille après récolte des semences et coupe avant l'hiver; brûlis simple au propane; double brûlis au propane; binage mécanique; application de diuron au printemps. L'étude a duré trois années consécutives. L'interaction graminée × année × TPM n'est statistiquement significative (P ≤ 0,05) pour aucun des dix paramètres examinés, à savoir la densité des panicules, le nombre de jours avant maturité des graines, le rendement grainier (par unité de surface et par panicule), le rendement en plants entiers, l'indice de moisson, la quantité de criblures, le poids de mille graines, la densité des graines et la capacité de germination. L'interaction graminée × année est statistiquement significative (P ≤ 0,05) pour cha...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of post-harvest management on seed production of creeping red fescue, tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass in the Peace River region of north-western Canada

Fairey

Lefkovitch²

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…This study was the first in the Peace region to investigate the agronomic requirements of a tall fescue seed crop, and so the rate of N applied was based on recommendations for local seed crops of creeping red fescue. However, a recent study (Fairey and Lefkovitch 1998) has revealed that the N requirement of a tall fescue seed crop in the Peace region is in the range of 100 to 150 kg ha -1 , and similar to the maximum of 120 kg ha -1 N recommended in New Zealand (Hare and Rolston 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at densities from 3.1 to 100 plants m -2 ), and at the three highest densities of 6.3, 12.5 and 25 plants m -2 with the 80-cm row spacing; reproductive tiller density ranged from 736 to 1483 m -2 . This current investigation was conducted with transplanted seedlings but, in a subsequent study on the nitrogen fertility responses of the same tall fescue cultivar, machine-drilled in 30 cm rows at 200 viable seeds m -2 , a reproductive tiller density in excess of 600 m -2 was found again, with treatment means all in the range 692 to 745 m -2 (Fairey and Lefkovitch 1998). Whether this capacity to support a greater density of reproductive tillers is controlled by the genetic constitution of the particular cultivar used for this study, by management factors, by environmental conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, pedigreed seed production of tall fescue has expanded in Canada, mostly in the Peace region, from a range of 40 to 170 ha between and 1995to 420 ha in 1996, 1380ha in 1997, and 3200 ha in 1998(Canadian Seed Growers' Association 1990-1998. A Peace region study with initial plant densities of 1.6 to 100 plants m -2 has shown that maximum seed yield of tall fescue can be achieved for each of at least 3 consecutive production years with an initial density of 20 to 100 plants m -2 in rows spaced 20 to 60 cm apart (Fairey and Lefkovitch 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for seed in the Peace region of Canada (Fairey and Lefkovitch 1993) and has shown that a minimum of 100 kg ha -1 of N is required to optimize the yield of each consecutive seed crop (Fairey and Lefkovitch 1998). In recent years, pedigreed seed production of tall fescue has expanded in Canada, mostly in the Peace region, from a range of 40 to 170 ha between and 1995to 420 ha in 1996, 1380ha in 1997, and 3200 ha in 1998(Canadian Seed Growers' Association 1990-1998.…”

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Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

Fairey

Lefkovitch²

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Fairey, N. A. and Lefkovitch, L. P. 1999. Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 543-549. The population density and spatial arrangement of plants may influence the productive life and performance characteristics of a perennial grass-seed crop. A study was conducted to determine the effects of the initial density (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m -2 ) and row spacing (20, 40, and 80 cm) of plants on reproductive yield components and seed characteristics of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), over 3 consecutive production years (1991)(1992)(1993) in the Peace region of Canada. The weight proportion of cleaned-to-uncleaned seed was 85-86% for the three lowest plant densities and then decreased, as density increased, to 82% at 12.5 plants m -2 and 66% at 100 plants m -2 . The 1000-seed weight decreased as density increased and ranged from 1.68 to 2.22 g (i.e., 595 000 to 450 000 seeds kg -1 ). The specific seed weight ranged from 18 to 31 kg hL -1 ; it differed among years, but the effect of plant density was inconsistent. The germination capacity of the seed was unaffected by plant density, but differed among years; it averaged 87%, 88% and 59% in 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. The seed yield/plant, the number of panicles/plant, and the number of seeds/plant decreased exponentially as plant density increased. The number of clean seeds/panicle decreased, as plant density increased, in the first year but was less affected subsequently, particularly with the 20-cm row spacing. The seed yield was correlated closely with the number of panicles m -2 (r = 0.659***). An initial density no greater than 25 plants m -2 in rows spaced 20-40 cm apart enhanced seed quality by producing a greater proportion of clean seed which had a higher 1000-seed weight. Such a plant density, however, is at the low end of the optimum range for maximizing seed yield per unit land area. , sur les composantes du rendement grainier et sur les caractères des graines de la fétuque élevée (Festuca arundinacea Schreber), dans trois années de production consécutives : 1991 à 1993, dans la région de la Rivière-de-la-Paix au Canada. La proportion en poids graines propres/graines tout-venant était de 85 à 86 % aux trois densités de peuplement inférieures, mais en fonction de l'accroissement de la densité elle descendait à 82 % à celle de 12,5 plantes m 2 et à 66 % à celle de 100 plantes au m 2 . Le poids de 1000 graines diminuait à mesure qu'augmentait la densité, présentant un écart de 1,68 à 2,22 g (c.-à-d. 595 000 à 450 000 graines kg -1 ). Le poids à l'hectolitre des graines fluctuait de 18 à 31 kg et, bien que différent d'une année à l'autre, il ne manifestait aucun effet régulier de la densité de peuplement. Le pouvoir germinatif des graines était le même quelle que soit la densité de peuplement, mais il différait selon l'année, s'établissant, dans l'ordre, à 87, 88 et 59 % en moyenne en 1991, 1992 et 1993. ...

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Nitrogen fertilization for hay and seed from endophyte‐free and endophyte‐infected tall fescue

Sweeney

Farney

Moyer

et al. 2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] is an important forage, but a fungal endophyte often found in the aboveground biomass can negatively affect animal production. Nitrogen also affects production, but data are limited regarding N fertilization effects on hay and seed yields from endophyte-free (EF) compared with endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue grown on claypan soil in the eastern Great Plains. This study's objective was to determine the effects of N fertilizer timing and rate on EF and EI tall fescue yield of R4 (anthesis) hay, seed, and hay residual after seed harvest (stubble hay, SH). Endophyte infection did not affect R4 hay, seed, or SH yields and did not interact with N timing, N rate, or year for any measured parameters. Across the 3-yr study, N fertilizer applied in late fall resulted in 18% greater seed production than late winter, with split late fall/late winter applications being intermediate. The effect of N timing on R4 and SH varied by year. Annual fescue seed yield response to N rate varied, but required 112 kg N ha −1 or more to achieve near 300 kg ha −1 in better-yielding years. Hay measured at R4 or SH responded to N up to at least 168 kg ha −1. Hay N concentration was diluted with initial increments of N fertilizer but increased as yield response diminished with greater N rates. Simple return functions suggest that the N rate to achieve maximum economic return is reduced when N fertilizer costs are high and when seed/hay selling prices are low.

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Effects of method, rate and time of application of nitrogen fertilizer on seed production of tall fescue

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of post-harvest management on seed production of creeping red fescue, tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass in the Peace River region of north-western Canada

Effect of post-harvest management on seed production of creeping red fescue, tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass in the Peace River region of north-western Canada

Crop density and seed production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

Nitrogen fertilization for hay and seed from endophyte‐free and endophyte‐infected tall fescue

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