Effects of methomyl and ethanol on behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat

Bracy, Odie L.; Doyle, Rebecca S.; Kennedy, M. V.; McNally, Stephen M.; Weed, J.Duane; Thorne, Barrie

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(79)90163-1

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Behavioral response (BR) is an important indicator in chemical toxicological impact assessment in all of the test endpoints (Bracy et al, 1978;Farr et al, 1995;Hanazato, 2001;Nakayama et al, 2004;Park et al, 2005;Azizullah et al, 2011). BR to contaminants is an adaptive behavior that may reduce exposure to harmful conditions, but failure to avoid exposure may result in reduced fitness and survival, eventually lead to detrimental effects (Selye, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM): The effects of Carbamate Pesticides on medaka (Oryzias latipes) in an online monitoring system

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2012

Chemosphere

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a b s t r a c tThe Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM), which is a conceptual model, postulated that an organism displays a time-dependent sequence of compensatory Stepwise Behavioral Response (SBR) during exposure to pollutants above their respective thresholds of resistance. In order to prove the model, in this study, the behavioral responses (BRs) of medaka (Oryzias latipes) in the exposure of Arprocarb (A), Carbofuran (C) and Methomyl (M) were analyzed in an online monitoring system (OMS). The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was utilized for patterning the obtained behavioral data in 0.1 TU (Toxic Unit), 1 TU, 2 TU, 5 TU, 10 TU and 20 TU treatments with control. Some differences among different Carbamate Pesticides (CPs) were observed in different concentrations and the profiles of behavior strength (BS) on SOM were variable depending upon levels of concentration. The time of the first significant decrease of BS (SD-BS) was in inverse ratio to the CP concentrations. Movement behavior showed by medaka mainly included No effect, Stimulation, Acclimation, Adjustment (Readjustment) and Toxic effect, which proved SBRM as a time-dependence model based on the time series BS data. Meanwhile, it was found that SBRM showed evident stress-dependence. Therefore, it was concluded that medaka SBR was both stress-dependent and time-dependent, which supported and developed SBRM, and data mining by SOM could be efficiently used to illustrate the behavioral processes and to monitor toxic chemicals in the environment.Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM): The effects of Carbamate Pesticides on medaka (Oryzias latipes) in an online monitoring system

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2012

Chemosphere

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“…Interestingly, far from all rats kill mice under animal behavioral laboratory experimental conditions: Bracy et al 1978 found an overall killing rate by 60-75day old male SD rats of only 28%, i.e., 9 of 32 rats, with only 25% (8 of 32) control rats not treated with ethanol, methomyl, or both, killing mice. These authors reported that the overall 28% muricide rate in SD rats in their laboratory [2] was only slightly above the killing rate reported previously. Similarly, only about 20% of adult male Wistar rats investigated by Tulogdi et al 2015 killed mice with the 20 min cutoff time of the experiment (Haller, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Rats [1], including those of the SD strain [2], may kill mice. Interestingly, far from all rats kill mice under animal behavioral laboratory experimental conditions: Bracy et al 1978 found an overall killing rate by 60-75day old male SD rats of only 28%, i.e., 9 of 32 rats, with only 25% (8 of 32) control rats not treated with ethanol, methomyl, or both, killing mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects Of Cohousing Mice And Rats On Stress Levels And The Attractiveness Of Dyadic Social Interaction in C57BL/6J and CD1 Mice As Well As Sprague Dawley Rats<strong> </strong>

Zernig¹,

Ghareh²,

Berchtold³

2022

Preprint

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Rats, including those of the Sprague Dawley strain, may kill mice. Because of this muridical behavior, it is standard practice in many research animal housing facilities to separate mice from rats (i.e., the predators) to minimize stress for the mice. We therefore tested the effect of cohousing on the stress levels of mice from either the C57BL/6J (BL6) or the CD1 strain and Sprague Dawley (SD rat) by determining their fecal corticosterone or cortisol metabolites (FCM) concentration and investigated how cohousing impacts a behavioral assay, i.e., conditioned place preference for intragenus (i.e., mouse-mouse or rat-rat) dyadic social interaction (DSI CPP) that had been shown be sensitive to social factors, especially to handling by humans. We found that the two delivery batches of BL6 mice or SD rats, respectively, had different stress levels at delivery that were statistically significant for the BL6 mice. Even so, the BL6 mice cohoused with rats had significantly increased FCM concentrations, indicative of higher stress levels, as compared to (1) BL6 mice housed alone or (2) BL6 mice at delivery. In contrast to their elevated stress levels, the attractiveness for contextual cues associated with mouse-mouse social interaction (DSI CPP) even increased in rat-cohoused BL6 mice, albeit nonsignificantly. Thus, cohousing BL6 mice and rats did not impair a behavioral assay in BL6 mice that had proved to be sensitive to handling stress by humans in our laboratory. SD rats cohoused with BL6- or CD1 mice and CD1 mice cohoused with SD rats showed DSI CPP that was not different from our previously published data on SD rats and BL6 mice of the Jackson- or NIH substrain obtained in the absence of cohousing. Our findings suggest that the effect of cohousing rats and mice under the conditions described above on their stress levels as opposed to their behavior might be less clearcut than generally assumed and might be overriden by conditions that cannot be controlled, i.e., different deliveries. Our findings can help to use research animal housing resources, which usually are limited, more efficiently.

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“…The behavioral effects of CPs suggest that behavioral responses can be used as a suitable indicator in the assessment of the toxicological impacts of CPs at the entire test endpoints used for such assessment [8–10]. These pesticides may cause hyperactivity, loss of coordination, convulsions, paralysis, and other types of behavioral changes due to ChE inhibition [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stepwise Behavioral Responses: Behavioral Adjustment of the Chinese Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in the Exposure of Carbamate Pesticides

Ren

Liu²,

Fu³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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In order to illustrate the behavioral regulation in environmental stress, the behavioral responses of the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) to arprocarb, carbofuran, and oxamyl were analyzed with an online monitoring system. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was used to define the patterns of the behavioral data obtained from treatments at concentrations of 0.1 toxic unit (TU), 1 TU, 2 TU, 5 TU, 10 TU, and 20 TU and a control. In certain cases, differences among the carbamate pesticides (CPs) tested were observed. The profiles of behavioral strength (BS) in SOM varied according to the concentration used. The time of the first significant decrease of the BS varied inversely with the CP concentrations. The results suggested that the behavioral regulation in the stepwise behavioral responses (SBR) was evident. The primary movement behaviors shown by the SBR model included no effect, stimulation, acclimation, adjustment (readjustment), and toxic effect, especially at the lower concentrations. However, higher stress (10 TU and 20 TU) might limit the function of the behavioral adjustment produced by the intrinsic response mechanisms. It was concluded that SBR, which were affected by both the concentration and the exposure time, could be used as a suitable indicator in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of CPs.

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Effects of methomyl and ethanol on behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Evidence for the Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM): The effects of Carbamate Pesticides on medaka (Oryzias latipes) in an online monitoring system

Evidence for the Stepwise Behavioral Response Model (SBRM): The effects of Carbamate Pesticides on medaka (Oryzias latipes) in an online monitoring system

Effects Of Cohousing Mice And Rats On Stress Levels And The Attractiveness Of Dyadic Social Interaction in C57BL/6J and CD1 Mice As Well As Sprague Dawley Rats<strong> </strong>

The Stepwise Behavioral Responses: Behavioral Adjustment of the Chinese Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in the Exposure of Carbamate Pesticides

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