Effects of methyl group on aromatic hydrocarbons on the nanostructures and oxidative reactivity of combustion-generated soot

Peña, Gerardo D.J. Guerrero; Alrefaai, Mhd Maher; Yang, Seung Yeon; Raj, Abhijeet; Brito, Joaquı́n L.; Samuel, Stephen; Anjana, Tharalekshmy; Pillai, Vinu; Shoaibi, Ahmed Al; Chung, Suk Ho

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.06.026

Cited by 77 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The effects of the amorphous nature of soot and the degree of lattice disorder have been evaluated using XRD and Raman analyses by several researchers, where these crystal defects have been shown to have a significant effect on the improved kinetics of soot oxidation [5,21,22]. Further studies signifying the influence of the chemical structure such as the carbon chain length of the methyl esters, the position of the C=C bond, and the presence of the number of methyl group substituent on aromatic rings are available in the literature [23][24][25]. The increase in the chain length in methyl esters enhances the sooting tendency, but reduces soot reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed broad peaks (24.5o and 44o) are indicative of the random alignment of nanocrystallites into a largely amorphous graphitic structure in soot. The peak at 2θ value of 24.5o is assigned to the (002) plane, and it inculcates the information about the thickness of the PAH stack and the PAH interlayer spacing in it[25,68]. The peak at 2θ value of 44o is assigned to the (100) plane and is indicative of the average PAH size in a soot sample.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Camphor Oil Addition to Diesel on the Nanostructures and Oxidative Reactivity of Combustion-Generated Soot

et al. 2019

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Less viscous and low cetane (LVLC) fuels have emerged as the promising alternative fuels or additives to fossil fuels. Camphor oil is one such potential LVLC fuel currently under consideration. However, it's sooting propensity and subsequent effects on soot nanostructure, when blended with diesel, are not well understood. In this work, the effects of camphor and camphor oil addition to diesel on the sooting propensity, soot oxidative reactivity, and the chemical composition, structural disorders, and the morphology of soot particles are studied using a diffusion flame. The chemical and the microstructural changes in soot are investigated using several experimental techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction, while the oxidative reactivity is studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energy for O2-induced soot oxidation during the initiation stage shows a significant reduction in its value with the addition of camphor and camphor oil to diesel, which were 220 kJ/mol for diesel soot, 175 kJ/mol for 5% camphor/95% diesel soot, and 150 kJ/mol for 10% camphor oil/90% diesel soot. The blending of camphor and camphor oil with diesel results in soot with smaller fringe length and primary particle diameter, but increases the fringe tortuosity, the degree of crystal disorder, and the amounts of oxygen functionalities and aliphatics in soot. These physico-chemical changes in soot are used to explain the observed trend of oxidative reactivity. This study successfully demonstrates the potential of terpenoid keto compounds with characteristic bicyclic ring structure in improving 2 oxidative reactivity of combustion derived soots as desired in diesel particulate filter technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Camphor Oil Addition to Diesel on the Nanostructures and Oxidative Reactivity of Combustion-Generated Soot

et al. 2019

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“…On Earth, these molecules are pollutants that are released in anthropogenic emissions from combustion processes and industrial solvents. 2,3 They contribute to the formation of soot particles, [4][5][6] and can also react with other species to form ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). [7][8][9][10] Various methods have been used to control the emission of these small aromatics and one of the most efficient procedures is removal via adsorption onto porous surfaces, including those of a carbonaceous nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A TPD and RAIRS comparison of the low temperature surface behavior of benzene, toluene, and xylene on graphite

Salter

Stubbing

Brigham

et al. 2018

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The first comparative study of the surface behaviour of four small aromatic molecules, benzene, toluene, p-xylene and o-xylene, adsorbed on graphite at temperatures ≤ 30 K, is presented. Intermolecular interactions are shown to be important in determining the growth of the molecules on the graphite surface at low (monolayer) exposures. Repulsive intermolecular interactions dominate the behaviour of benzene and toluene. In contrast, stronger interactions with the graphite surface are observed for the xylene isomers, with islanding observed for o-xylene. Multilayer desorption temperatures and energies increase with the size of the molecule, ranging from 45.5 to 59.5 kJ mol-1 for benzene and p-xylene respectively. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy gives insight into the effects of thermal processing on the ordering of the molecules. Multilayer benzene, p-xylene and o-xylene form crystalline structures following annealing of the ice. However, we do not observe an ordered structure for toluene in this study. The ordering of p-xylene shows a complex relationship dependent on both the annealing temperature and exposure.

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“…The XRD patterns were fitted by Gaussian function to obtain the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the angles of (100) and (002) peaks. The interlayer spacing (d002), the crystallite height (Lc), and the crystallite width (La), were calculated from the XRD pattern using a previously reported method [29][30][31]. To estimate the fringe number within the primary soot particle, more than primary soot particles were randomly selected from the HRTEM images at each HAB, and the fringe number was obtained using the lattice fringe analysis [32].…”

Section: Soot Nanostructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The π-π stack at 290.5 eV corresponds to the ordered graphene layers. The sp 2 hybridized carbon at 284.5 eV was attributed to graphitic carbon within the basal plane, and is representative of π bonding in soot, while the sp 3 hybridized carbon at 285.3 eV is a class of defects that can disrupt the sp 2 hybridized network, and is representative of σ bonding in soot [30,33]. Therefore, a large sp /sp 3 ratio indicates a high quantity of aromatic hydrocarbons (π bonding) and a low amount of cyclic or acyclic aliphatics (σ bonding) in the soot particles [29].…”

Section: Soot Nanostructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between the electrical properties and nanostructure of soot particles in a laminar inverse diffusion flame

Liu

Chen

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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Effects of methyl group on aromatic hydrocarbons on the nanostructures and oxidative reactivity of combustion-generated soot

Cited by 77 publications

References 97 publications

Effects of Camphor Oil Addition to Diesel on the Nanostructures and Oxidative Reactivity of Combustion-Generated Soot

Effects of Camphor Oil Addition to Diesel on the Nanostructures and Oxidative Reactivity of Combustion-Generated Soot

A TPD and RAIRS comparison of the low temperature surface behavior of benzene, toluene, and xylene on graphite

Relationships between the electrical properties and nanostructure of soot particles in a laminar inverse diffusion flame

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