Effects of Methylphenidate on the Catecholaminergic System in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Wilens, Timothy E.

doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318173312f

Cited by 237 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Clinically, MPH is a very common treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Wilens, 2008). It is also increasingly abused as a nonprescribed 'cognitive enhancer' (Smith and Farah, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Campbell-Meiklejohn

Simonsen

Jensen

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The ability to infer value from the reactions of other people is a common and essential ability with a poorly understood neurobiology. Commonly, social learning matches one's values and behavior to what is perceived as normal for one's social group. This is known as conformity. Conformity of value correlates with neural activity shared by cognitions that depend on optimum catecholamine levels, but catecholamine involvement in conformity has not been tested empirically. Methylphenidate (MPH) is an indirect dopamine and noradrenalin agonist, commonly used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder for which it reduces undesirable behavior as evaluated by peers and authority figures, indicative of increased conformity. We hypothesized that MPH might increase conformity of value. In all, 38 healthy adult females received either a single oral 20 mg dose of MPH or placebo (PL). Each subject rated 153 faces for trustworthiness followed immediately by the face's mean rating from a group of peers. After 30 min and a 2-back continuousperformance working-memory task, subjects were unexpectedly asked to rate all the faces again. Both the groups tended to change their ratings towards the social norm. The MPH group exhibited twice the conformity effect of the PL group following moderate social conflict, but this did not occur following large conflicts. This suggests that MPH might enhance signals that would otherwise be too weak to evoke conformity. MPH did not affect 2-back performance. We provide a new working hypothesis of a neurocognitive mechanism by which MPH reduces socially disruptive behavior and provides novel evidence of catecholamine mediation of social learning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Campbell-Meiklejohn

Simonsen

Jensen

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Altered reward processes are mediated via alterations in DA and other catecholamine function in ADHD [438,464-467]. Individuals with ADHD display a range of reward deficits, including impaired behavioral modification to rewards [468].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Dichter

Damiano

Allen

2012

J Neurodevelop Disord

254

207

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This review summarizes evidence of dysregulated reward circuitry function in a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and genetic syndromes. First, the contribution of identifying a core mechanistic process across disparate disorders to disease classification is discussed, followed by a review of the neurobiology of reward circuitry. We next consider preclinical animal models and clinical evidence of reward-pathway dysfunction in a range of disorders, including psychiatric disorders (i.e., substance-use disorders, affective disorders, eating disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorders), neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder), and genetic syndromes (i.e., Fragile X syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Williams syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Rett syndrome). We also provide brief overviews of effective psychopharmacologic agents that have an effect on the dopamine system in these disorders. This review concludes with methodological considerations for future research designed to more clearly probe reward-circuitry dysfunction, with the ultimate goal of improved intervention strategies.

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“…Several investigations using TMS showed that neural inhibitory motor circuits are disturbed in ADHD children and have provided an enhancement of inhibitory mechanisms in these brain regions after the oral intake of MPH (Moll et al, 2000;Buchmann et al, 2007). MPH treatment produces an increase in DA signaling through multiple actions, including blockade of the DA reuptake transporter, amplification of DA response duration, disinhibition of D2r and amplification of DA tone (Wilens, 2008). These effects could be important because D2r receptors are expressed in oligodendrocyte development and might also regulate the outgrowth of neuronal processes.…”

Section: Role Of Methylphenidate On Synaptic Plasticity and Myelinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overflow movements and white matter abnormalities in ADHD

D’Agati

Casarelli

Pitzianti

et al. 2010

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Multiple motor abnormalities have been identified in some children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These include persistence of overflow movements, impaired timing of motor responses and deficits in fine motor abilities. Motor overflow is defined as co-movement of body parts not specifically needed to efficiently complete a task. The presence of age-inappropriate overflow may reflect immaturity of the cortical systems involved in automatic motor inhibition. Theories on overflow movements consistently implicate impairments in white matter (WM) tracts, including the corpus callosum. WM connections might be altered selectively in brain networks and thus influence motor behaviours. We reviewed the scientific contributions on overflow movements and WM abnormalities in ADHD. They suggest that WM abnormalities in motor/premotor circuits, which are important for motor response inhibition, might be responsible for overflow movements in patients with ADHD.

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Effects of Methylphenidate on the Catecholaminergic System in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 237 publications

References 74 publications

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Overflow movements and white matter abnormalities in ADHD

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