Effects of Methylphenidate Treatment in Children With Mental Retardation and ADHD: Individual Variation in Medication Response

Pearson, Deborah A.; Lane, David M.; Santos, Cynthia W.; Casat, Charles D.; Jerger, Susan; Loveland, Katherine A.; Faria, Laura P.; Mansour, Rosleen; Henderson, Jill A.; Payne, Christa; Roache, John D.; Lachar, David; Cleveland, Lynne A.

doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000120024.14101.96

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…MPH was another frequently used medication in children with MR having ADHD comorbidity to their situation. MPH has been reported as effective in behavioral and cognitive functions in children with MR plus ADHD [20], which MPH was found in our series of children with MR having ADHD comorbidity as preferable agent to treat. In our sample, because the most common comorbidity found was DBD, this may have affected MPH and ATX use rates which consistent with the proportion of it mentioned in the literature [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Temtek¹

2015

AJPN

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Abstract:Background: The aim of this study was to assess the medication use in children and adolescents with mental retardation (MR) retrospectively in a cross-sectional study. Method: Between June and December 2013, records of the children and adolescents admitted by our policlinic were retrospectively evaluated and those who had MR diagnosis were analyzed. Results: Male sex was found as statistically related to the presence of psychiatric comorbidity and the pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). At least one medical diagnosis accompanying with MR was found in 49.7% (n=781) of all patients. 79.6% (n=1252) of all patients did not use any medication, 16.7% (n=262) of all sample were using one medication agent, 3.5% (n=55) of patients were using combined pharmacotherapy. The predictors of psychotropic medication were the following: the presence of comorbid any of psychiatric disorders, having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), having conduct disorders (CD) and having anxiety disorders. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study has a descriptive nature of the children with MR admitted to the child psychiatry department. It was noticed that psychotropic agent use is preferable if there is a comorbid situation in mental retardation. There is a need for further studies with prospectively planned, multi-central with larger sampling in our country to draw up a way of health policies related to the children with MR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Temtek¹

2015

AJPN

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“…Because of polymorphism of carboxylesterase 1 enzyme which metabolize MPH primarily, MPH rises to unexpected high doses [17,19]. Although it is not clearly denoted as psychosis, another group which is prone to stimulants' adverse effects is the group who has neurodevelopmental disorders like mental retardation and autism [13]. In our patient, there was not any developmental disorder explained that might cause hypersensitivity to adverse effects of stimulants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Hallusinosis due to methylphenidate overdose in an eight-year-old child: a case report

Atabay

Arman

2017

MMJ

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Methylphenidate, which blocks the presynaptic norepinephrine and dopamine transporters, is the most common used medication and offered as first choice in the treatment guidelines of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One of its rarely seen adverse effects is, hallucinations that can be formed idiosyncratically, which can be correlated with increased dopaminergic functioning in synaptic cleft. We will present an eight year old boy diagnosed with ADHD-combined type, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) with no previous medical and family history who has impulsively taken extra dose of methylphenidate in the course of usual drug treatment. The acute hallucinosis presentation which has subsided the next day completely with the cessation of drug treatment will be discussed. Keywords:Methylphenidate, Hallucinosis, Attention deficit hyperactive disorder ÖZPresinaptik norepinefrin ve dopamin taşıyıcılarını bloke eden metilfenidat, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) tedavisinde en sık kullanılan ve tedavi rehberlerinde birinci tercih olarak sunulan ilaçtır. Nadir karşılaşılan yan etkilerinden biri de, sinaptik aralıktaki artmış dopaminerjik işleyiş ile ilişkilendirilen, idiosenkratik oluşabilen varsanılardır. Polikliniğimizde DEHBbileşik tip ve karşıt olma karşı gelme bozukluğu (KOKGB) teşhisi konularak metilfenidat tedavisine başladığımız, özgeçmiş ve soygeçmişinde herhangi bir hastalık öyküsü bulunmayan sekiz yaşındaki erkek bir çocukta, olağan ilaç tedavisi sırasında impulsif bir şekilde aldığı fazladan bir doz kısa etkili metilfenidat ile gelişen ve ilacın kesilmesiyle birlikte ertesi gün tümüyle gerileyen halüsinoz tablosunu tartışacağız.Anahtar kelimeler: Metilfenidat, Halüsinoz, Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in school age children. It is a heterogeneous disorder which is composed of core symptoms including hyperactivity, attention deficit and impulsivity. Short and long acting methylphenidate (MPH), amphetamine, mixed amphetamine salts, and atomoxetine are utilized for the pharmacologic treatment [1]. Methylphenidate is the most commonly used agent and it is the first option in treatment. MPH acts via specifically blocking presynaptic norepinephrine and dopamine transporters, impedes their reuptake thereby increases their levels in synaptic cleft [2,3]. MPH is safely used in children, adolescents and adults due to its low adverse effect profile. Among the most common adverse effects; sleeplessness, stomachache, headache, loss of appetite, irritability and anxiety can be considered. Relatively less commonly, tics and emotional fluctuations also can be seen [4]. In addition, in 1971 Lucas and Weiss, mentioned short lasting psychotic symptoms in patients who utilize methylphenidate [5]. In the current literature, "hallucinosis" and "toxicosis" terms are particularly used in order to differentiate temporary symptoms related to stimulants in contrast to perma...

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“…Pearson and colleagues (24,25,26) looked at 24 children diagnosed with MR and ADHD and their response to three different daily dosages of methylphenidate (0.15 mg/kg, 0.30 mg/kg, 0.60 mg/kg) and placebo. The authors found that the most significant improvements occurred at the highest dose on teacher ratings of inattention, hyperactivity, aggression and asocial behavior.…”

Section: Use Of Stimulants In Mental Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of equal interest was their finding that there were no significant effects of the medication dose on the development of side effects. In their 2004 study (25,26), the authors using the same group of children examined children's cognitive performance on methylphenidate as compared to placebo. They reported higher methylphenidate doses were associated with consistent gains in cognitive performance as measured by increases in sustained attention, visual selective attention, auditory selective attention, delay of gratification and delayed match to sample.…”

Section: Use Of Stimulants In Mental Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Psychostimulants in Pervasive Developmental Disorders

et al. 2005

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Many children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) display problematic behaviors similar to those seen in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This paper will look at the controversy concerning diagnosing comorbid ADHD in children who meet criteria for PDD and review the existing literature examining the efficacy of stimulants in these particular set of behaviors or symptom clusters (hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention). The potential drawbacks of using stimulants in a population of children and adolescents who exhibit symptoms of PDD and ADHD will be discussed. Finally, this review will also attempt to define potential areas of future research to examine the utility of the psychostimulants in children and adolescents with PDD and symptoms of ADHD.

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Effects of Methylphenidate Treatment in Children With Mental Retardation and ADHD: Individual Variation in Medication Response

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR)

Hallusinosis due to methylphenidate overdose in an eight-year-old child: a case report

The Use of Psychostimulants in Pervasive Developmental Disorders

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