Effects of metritis treatment strategies on health, behavior, reproductive, and productive responses of Holstein cows

Merenda, Victória R.; Lezier, D.; Odetti, A.; Figueiredo, C.C.; Bisinotto, R.S.; Chebel, R.C.

doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19076

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The decrease in milk production with the onset of metritis can be attributed at least in part to a concomitant decrease in DMI associated with inflammation (Plata-Salamán et al, 1996;Pérez-Báez et al, 2019). Merenda et al (2021) demonstrated that metritis profoundly affects inflammatory response, feeding, and rumination times compared with healthy cows. Immune activation markedly disrupts glucose homeostasis and is characterized by hypoglycemia and hyperlactemia (Filkins, 1978;McGuinness, 2005;Michaeli et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of statistical inferences and machine learning algorithms for prediction of metritis cure in dairy cows

Oliveira

Ferreira

Galvão

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The study's objectives were to identify cow-level and environmental factors associated with metritis cure to predict metritis cure using traditional statistics and machine learning algorithms. The data set used was from a previous study comparing the efficacy of different therapies and self-cure for metritis. Metritis was defined as fetid, watery, reddish-brownish discharge, with or without fever. Cure was defined as an absence of metritis signs 12 d after diagnosis. Cows were randomly allocated to receive a subcutaneous injection of 6.6 mg/kg of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (Excede, Zoetis) at the day of diagnosis and 3 d later (n = 275); and no treatment at the time of metritis diagnosis (n = 275). The variables days in milk (DIM) at metritis diagnosis, treatment, season of the metritis diagnosis, month of metritis diagnostic, number of lactation, parity, calving score, dystocia, retained fetal membranes, body condition score at d 5 postpartum, vulvovaginal laceration score, the rectal temperature at the metritis diagnosis, fever at diagnosis, milk production from the day before to metritis diagnosis, and milk production slope up to 5, 7, and 9 DIM were offered to univariate logistic regression. Variables included in the multivariable logistic regression model were selected from the univariate analysis according to P-value. Variables were offered to the model to assess the association between these factors and metritis cure. Additionally, the univariate logistic regression variables were offered to a recursive feature elimination to find the optimal subset of features for a machine learning algorithms analysis. Cows without vulvovaginal laceration had 1.91 higher odds of curing of metritis than cows with vulvovaginal laceration. Cows that developed metritis at >7 DIM had 2.09 higher odds of being cured than cows that developed metritis at ≤7 DIM. For rectal temperature, each degree Celsius above 39.4°C led to lower odds to be cured than cows with rectal temperature ≤39.4°C. Furthermore, milk production slope and milk production difference from the day before to the metritis diagnosis were essential variables to predict metritis cure. Cows that had reduced milk production from the day before to the metritis diagnosis had lower odds to be cured than cows with moderate milk production increase. The results from the multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that cows developing metritis at >7 DIM, with increase in milk production, and with a rectal temperature ≤39.40°C had increased likelihood of cure of metritis with an accuracy of 75%. The machine learning analysis showed that in addition to these variables, calving-related disorders, season, and month of metritis event were needed to predict whether the cow will cure or not from metritis with an accuracy ≥70% and F1 score (harmonic mean between precision and recall) ≥0.78. Although machine learning algorithms are acknowledged as powerful tools for predictive classification, the current study was unable to repli...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of statistical inferences and machine learning algorithms for prediction of metritis cure in dairy cows

Oliveira

Ferreira

Galvão

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Furthermore, experiments that considered absence of fever together with evaluation of vaginal discharge to define clinical cure reported that 25 to 35% of cows treated for metritis failed to undergo clinical cure (Chenault et al, 2004;McLaughlin et al, 2012;Lima et al, 2014). It is important to highlight that similar failure of clinical cure has been reported following treatment of metritis with ceftiofur and ampicillin (Lima et al, 2014;Merenda et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For assessment of the association between metritis and outcomes of interest, cows with metritis were matched with herdmates not diagnosed with metritis (vaginal discharge score ≤4 between 4 and 12 DIM; n = 1,194) based on parity and calving date. Incidences of metritis reported in each study were 36.1% (Lima et al, 2014), 25.3% (de Oliveira et al, 2020, and 19.0% (Merenda et al, 2021). Body condition score was evaluated at d 0 using a scale of 1 (emaciated) to 5 (obese) with 0.25-unit increments (Edmonson et al, 1989), as depicted in the BCS chart by Elanco (Elanco Animal Health, 2009).…”

Section: Definition Of Metritis and Failure Of Clinical Curementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following treatments were applied across all 3 experiments: ampicillin trihydrate (Polyflex, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica), 11 mg/kg of BW, i.m. injected once daily during 5 consecutive days (n = 566; Lima et al, 2014;Merenda et al, 2021); ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel RTU sterile suspension, Zoetis), 2.2 mg/kg of BW, i.m. injected once daily for 5 consecutive days (n = 263; Lima et al, 2014); and ceftiofur crystalline free acid (Excede sterile suspension, Zoetis), 6.6 mg/kg of BW, s.c. injected twice 72 h apart (n = 596;de Oliveira et al, 2020;Merenda et al, 2021).…”

Section: Definition Of Metritis and Failure Of Clinical Curementioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure of clinical cure in dairy cows treated for metritis is associated with reduced productive and reproductive performance

Figueiredo

Merenda

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Objectives were to assess reproductive and productive outcomes associated with failure of clinical cure in dairy cows diagnosed with metritis following antimicrobial therapy. This retrospective cohort study included data from 3 experiments performed in 5 dairies. Metritis was characterized by the presence of watery, fetid, reddish-brownish vaginal discharge within 21 DIM (study d 0). Cows not diagnosed with metritis (i.e., cows may have had other diseases postpartum; NoMT; n = 1,194) were paired based on lactation number and calving date. All cows with metritis received antimicrobial therapy (ampicillin or ceftiofur). Clinical cure was evaluated on d 10 based on vaginal discharge score, and cows were categorized as cured (MTC; n = 1,111) or not cured (MTnoC; n = 299). Purulent vaginal discharge (28 ± 3 or 32 ± 3 DIM), cytological endometritis (35 ± 3 or 39 ± 3 DIM), and estrous cyclicity (50 ± 3 and 64 ± 3, 36 ± 3 and 50 ± 3, or 37 ± 5 and 51 ± 5 DIM) were evaluated in subgroups of cows. Proportions of cows with purulent vaginal discharge and cytological endometritis were greatest for MTnoC (91.7 and 91.4%), intermediate for MTC (74.0 and 73.3%), and smallest for NoMT (38.1 and 36.4%). Proportion of cyclic cows was smaller for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT (62.0, 71.0, and 71.0%). Pregnancy per artificial insemination following first service was smaller for cows with metritis compared with their counterparts with no metritis (NoMT = 28.1, MTC = 26.1, MTnoC = 22.0%). Pregnancy loss tended to be greater for MTnoC compared with MTC (NoMT = 11.5, MTC = 11.1, MTnoC = 18.4%). Hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM was smallest for MTnoC, intermediate for MTC, and greatest for NoMT. Death by 60 DIM (3.9, 1.1, and 0.6%) and removal from herd by 300 DIM (26.3, 17.4, and 15.4%) were greatest for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT, respectively. Milk production among multiparous cows was smaller for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT in the first 10 mo postpartum, whereas MTC produced less milk compared with NoMT only during the first 2 mo postpartum (NoMT = 42.0 ± 0.22, MTC = 40.6 ± 0.28, MTnoC = 37.7 ± 0.54 kg/d). Failure of clinical cure was not associated with milk yield in primiparous cows (NoMT = 35.2 ± 0.31, MTC = 33.9 ± 0.31, MT-noC = 35.0 ± 0.52 kg/d). Cows diagnosed with metritis that do not undergo clinical cure by 10 d of onset of antimicrobial therapy have impaired reproductive performance, reduced milk production, and increased risk of leaving the herd.

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“…The treatment of metritis generally includes antimicrobial administration, which has been shown to reduce the losses in milk yield, reproductive performance, and profitability (Silva et al, 2021). In the United States, ceftiofur is the antimicrobial of choice because it is labeled for the treatment of metritis and it does not require milk withdrawal (McLaughlin et al, 2012); however, other antimicrobials have been shown to be effective in the treatment of metritis (Lima et al, 2014;Merenda et al, 2021a). Nonetheless, there is increased concern about the contribution of the use of antimicrobials in food animals to the rise in antimicrobial resistance (Van Boeckel et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2021).…”

Section: Jdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral changes of metritic primiparous cows treated with chitosan microparticles or ceftiofur

et al. 2022

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Metritis is a prevalent disease in dairy cows that impairs welfare, performance, and profitability. We used automated health-monitoring devices to compare activity and rumination in lactating primiparous dairy cows with metritis following treatment. Cows treated with chitosan microparticles (CM) had lower rumination and activity than cows treated with ceftiofur and untreated controls. Decreased rumination and activity indicate a negative systemic effect of CM that may be associated with increased inflammation in the uterus. Highlights• Chitosan microparticles negatively affected the rumination and activity of cows with metritis.• The negative effect of CM on rumination and activity indicates a negative systemic effect that may be associated with increased inflammation in the uterus. • Regardless of treatment, cows with metritis had decreased rumination and activity starting 5 days before diagnosis until at least 2 days after diagnosis. • The automated health-monitoring device was a useful tool to evaluate rumination and activity patterns after metritis treatment.

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Effects of metritis treatment strategies on health, behavior, reproductive, and productive responses of Holstein cows

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Integration of statistical inferences and machine learning algorithms for prediction of metritis cure in dairy cows

Integration of statistical inferences and machine learning algorithms for prediction of metritis cure in dairy cows

Failure of clinical cure in dairy cows treated for metritis is associated with reduced productive and reproductive performance

Behavioral changes of metritic primiparous cows treated with chitosan microparticles or ceftiofur

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