Effects of MgO, ZnO, SrO, and SiO2 in tricalcium phosphate scaffolds on in vitro gene expression and in vivo osteogenesis

Abstract

β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a versatile bioceramic for the use in many orthopedic and dental applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Recently, the addition of additives to β-TCP has been proven to improve bone repair and regeneration, however, the underlying mechanism of enhanced bone regeneration is still unknown. In this study, strontium oxide (SrO), silica (SiO 2 ), magnesia (MgO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) were added to β-TCP for dense discs fabrication followed by in vitro evaluation using a preosteoblast cell line. Cell viability and gene expression were analyzed at day 3 and day 9 during the cell culture. MgO and SiO 2 were found to significantly enhance and expedite osteoblastic differentiation. A potential mechanism was introduced to explain the additive induced osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, in vivo characterizations showed that porous 3D printed MgO-SiO 2 -TCP scaffolds significantly improved new bone formation after 16 weeks of implantation. This study shows beneficial effects of additives on osteoblastic viability and differentiation in vitro as well as osteogenesis in vivo, which is crucial towards the development of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

Effect of inorganic phosphate on migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

“…Phosphate is the major ingredient of bone tissue, and is also an important component of commercial bone substitute materials, bone scaffolds, and implant surface coatings [ 5 – 7 ]. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) in organisms exists in the form of H 2 PO 4 − and HPO 4 2− .Extracellular Pi can stimulate signal transduction and regulate the functions of osteoblasts and stem cells.…”

Effect of Bone Morphogenic Protein-2-Loaded Mesoporous Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate/Recycled Fish Gelatin 3D Cell-Laden Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Such parameters were suggested to be superior characteristics for biomolecule loading and releasing [15]. Amongst the different types of ions such as zinc, magnesium and silicon, strontium (Sr) has received a considerable amount of attention in the field of BTE, as it was reported that Sr was able to enhance bone tissue regeneration [16,17]. Of which, it has been proven that Sr was able to simultaneously increase bone formation and decrease resorption.…”

Rubidium doped nano-hydroxyapatite with cytocompatibility and antibacterial

“…Therefore, many multidisciplinary research groups directed their scientific interests toward inorganic antibacterial elements for endowing biomaterials with antibacterial capacity [14,15]. Various kinds of elements such as magnesium [16][17][18], strontium [18,19], silicon [20], zinc [21], lithium [22] and iron [23] have been used as doping elements, which can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. But only limited elements have antibacterial effect, such as silver, copper and zinc.…”