Effects of microbial synergism on fibre digestion in the rumen

Dehority, Burk A.

doi:10.1079/pns19910026

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Since the majority of butyrate producers in the human gut are not lactate utilizers (2), such "substrate spillover" in fact represents a more generic mechanism of metabolic cross-feeding with the ability to also stimulate butyrate production. Crossfeeding of breakdown products between primary polysaccharide-degrading and oligosaccharide-utilizing gut bacteria has been recognized as a wide-ranging phenomenon in gut microbial ecosystems (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Routes of Metabolic Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Butyrate-Producing Anaerobes from the Human Gut

Belenguer¹,

Duncan²,

Calder³

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

718

543

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Dietary carbohydrates have the potential to influence diverse functional groups of bacteria within the human large intestine. Of 12 Bifidobacterium strains of human gut origin from seven species tested, four grew in pure culture on starch and nine on fructo-oligosaccharides. The potential for metabolic cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactate-utilizing, butyrate-producing Firmicute bacteria related to Eubacterium hallii and Anaerostipes caccae was investigated in vitro. E. hallii L2-7 and A. caccae L1-92 failed to grow on starch in pure culture, but in coculture with B. adolescentis L2-32 butyrate was formed, indicating cross-feeding of metabolites to the lactate utilizers. Studies with [13 C]lactate confirmed carbon flow from lactate, via acetyl coenzyme A, to butyrate both in pure cultures of E. hallii and in cocultures with B. adolescentis. Similar results were obtained in cocultures involving B. adolescentis DSM 20083 with fructo-oligosaccharides as the substrate. Butyrate formation was also stimulated, however, in cocultures of B. adolescentis L2-32 grown on starch or fructo-oligosaccharides with Roseburia sp. strain A2-183, which produces butyrate but does not utilize lactate. This is probably a consequence of the release by B. adolescentis of oligosaccharides that are available to Roseburia sp. strain A2-183. We conclude that two distinct mechanisms of metabolic cross-feeding between B. adolescentis and butyrate-forming bacteria may operate in gut ecosystems, one due to consumption of fermentation end products (lactate and acetate) and the other due to cross-feeding of partial breakdown products from complex substrates.Microbial growth and metabolism in the human large intestine depend to a large extent on the supply of dietary carbohydrates that resist digestion in the upper gut. The fermentation of these compounds, which include plant cell wall polysaccharides and some storage polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, has a major influence on health (9, 20, 43). Indeed, specific carbohydrates are now widely used as functional foods and as prebiotics, based on the concept that they stimulate particular gut bacteria that promote gut health (18) and, at the same time, reduce the populations of nonutilizing bacteria through competition. Inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), for example, were originally proposed as prebiotics that selectively stimulate bifidobacteria. While there is evidence that this occurs (11,19,26,45), other studies, using molecular techniques, have revealed that a variety of other bacterial groups, including clostridium-related species, also respond to inulin or FOS supplied as prebiotics in either fermentor experiments or animal models (13, 25).Among the possible explanations for this diversity in response to prebiotics is that complex gut microbial communities involve extensive metabolic interactions (10, 46). Metabolic products produced from dietary prebiotics by one bacterial species may then provide substrates to support growth of other populations, and this i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the possible explanations for this diversity in response to prebiotics is that complex gut microbial communities involve extensive metabolic interactions (10,46). Metabolic products produced from dietary prebiotics by one bacterial species may then provide substrates to support growth of other populations, and this is termed cross-feeding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Routes of Metabolic Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Butyrate-Producing Anaerobes from the Human Gut

Belenguer¹,

Duncan²,

Calder³

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

718

543

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“…Sua função nutricional é evidente para a degradação da fibra vegetal servindo como fonte de carbono. Em geral, fungos celulolíticos produzem um grande número de celulases e muitos as usam para degradação de polissacarídeos da parede celular vegetal (DEHORITY, 1991).…”

Section: Detecção Da Produção De Enzimasunclassified

Seleção de Basidiomycetes da Amazônia para produção de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico

Souza¹,

Oliveira²,

Andrade³

2008

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

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A classe Basidiomycetes propriamente dita inclui os fungos em sua maioria saprófitos, que possuem basídios, corpos frutíferos que vão de alguns centímetros até quase um metro, todos visíveis a olho nu. A sistemática é feita pela morfologia do píleo, lamelas e poros .Os fungos têm sido bastante usados como produtores de diferentes substâncias de interesse econômico, tais como: enzimas, antibióticos, vitaminas, aminoácidos e esteróides (BRAGA; DESTÉFANO; MESSIAS, 1999). As enzimas são usadas, em grande escala, na indústria de tecidos (celulases), detergentes (proteases e lipases), de alimentos (amilases, pectinases, proteases e celulases) e de couro (proteases e lipases) (NIELSEN; OXENBOLL, 1998).Dentre as enzimas de importância industrial, produzidas por fungos, e de interesse na área de alimentos, foram abordadas neste trabalho as celulases, fenoloxidases, pectinases, amilases e proteases. AbstractMushrooms, edible basidiomycetes, have been extensively used as producers of different substances of economical interest, such as enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids, and steroids. The objective of this study is to detect the production of enzymes such as amylases, proteases, cellulases, phenoloxidases and pectinases for lineages of basidiomycetes originating from the Amazonian forest. For the production of enzymes, mushrooms were cultivated in a liquid medium with substratum (0,5%), pH adjusted for each enzyme, and incubated at 28 °C, under agitation and 140 rpm for 96 or 120 hours. After this period, the samples were filtered for the separation of the mycelial mass. The filtrates were inoculated in solid medium surface perforated cup-plates of 6 mm diameter, appropriate for the detection of enzymes in Petri dishes. The plates were incubated at 28 °C for 24 hours, for observation to reveal enzymatic halos. It was verified the activity of the amylase and protease produced by the mushrooms grown in the liquid medium, with different nutritive sources. It was possible to detect the cellulase and protease production for all the ones that were isolated, 40% produced amylases, 50% produced phenoloxidases, and 10% produced pectinases. Regarding the activity of the amylase, the wheat bran substrate presented the largest degradation halos revealing Daedalea sp.4E6 and Daedalea sp. 1A, Stereaceae 22B and Pycnoporus sanguineus 12B mushrooms. Considering the substrata tested for protease production, it was observed that the fish protein concentrate was the best. The P. sanguineus 12B, Stereaceae 22B and Cantharellus guyanensis 4Bl mushrooms were the best protease producers. Keywords: enzymatic activity; mushrooms; biotechnology. ResumoOs fungos têm sido bastante usados como produtores de diferentes substâncias de interesse econômico, tais como: enzimas, antibióticos, vitaminas, aminoácidos e esteróides. Este estudo teve como objetivo detectar a produção de enzimas por linhagens de Basidiomycetes, oriundas de áreas de floresta da Amazônia. Para a produção de enzimas, os fungos foram cultivados em meio líquido adicionado de ...

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“…Synergy between microorganisms involving end product utilization or crossfeeding has been clearly demonstrated in studies using cocultures of cellulolytic fungi or bacteria, and non-cellulolytic species (Dehority, 1991;Williams et al 1991). Plant materials entering the rumen are rapidly colonized with bacteria and fungi (Cheng et al 1991) and adhesion provides close contact for enzyme activity and ready uptake of liberated substrates.…”

Section: Cellulose Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism I. Metabolism in the Rumen

Annison

Bryden

1998

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Advances in knowledge of ruminant nutrition and metabolism during the second half of the twentieth century have been reviewed. Part I is concerned with metabolism in the rumen: Part I1 discusses utilization of nutrients absorbed from the rumen and lower tract to support growth and reproduction. The time frame was prompted by the crucial advances in ruminant physiology which arose from the work of Sir Jospeh Barcroft and his colleagues at Cambridge in the 1940s and 5Os, and by the brilliant studies of Robert Hungate on rumen microbiology at much the same time.In reviewing the growth of knowledge of the role of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and bacteriophages in the rumen, outstanding developments have included the identification and characterization of fungi and the recognition that the utilization of polysaccharides in the rumen is accomplished by the sequential activities of consortia of rumen microorganisms. The role of protozoa is discussed in relation to the long standing debate on whether or not the removal of protozoa (defamation) improves the efficiency of ruminant production. In relation to nitrogen (N) metabolism, the predation of bacteria by protozoa increases protein turnover in the rumen and reduces the efficiency of microbial protein production. This may account for the beneficial effects of defamation where dietary N intakes are low and possibly rate limiting for growth and production. Current approaches to the measurement of rates of production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen based on the mathematical modelling of isotope dilution data are outlined. The absorption of SCFA from the rumen and hindgut is primarily a passive permeation process.The role of microorganisms in N metabolism in the rumen has been discussed in relation to ammonia and urea interrelationships and to current inadequacies in the measurement of both protein degradation in the rumen and microbial protein synthesis. The growth of knowledge of digestion and absorption of dietary lipids has been reviewed with emphasis on the antimicrobial activity of lipids and the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. The protection of unsaturated dietary fats from ruminal biohydrogenation is an approach to the manipulation of the fatty acid composition of meat and dairy products.Discussion of the production of toxins in the rumen and the role of microorganisms in detoxification has focused on the metabolism of oxalate, nitrate, mycotoxins, saponins and the amino acid mimosine. Mimosine occurs in the tropical shrub leucaena, which is toxic to cattle in Australia but not in Hawaii. Tolerance to leucaena stems from the presence of a bacterium found in the rumen of Hawaiian cattle, which when transferred to Australian cattle survives and confers protection from mimosine.

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Effects of microbial synergism on fibre digestion in the rumen

Cited by 61 publications

References 55 publications

Two Routes of Metabolic Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Butyrate-Producing Anaerobes from the Human Gut

Two Routes of Metabolic Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Butyrate-Producing Anaerobes from the Human Gut

Seleção de Basidiomycetes da Amazônia para produção de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico

Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism I. Metabolism in the Rumen

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