Effects of Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Radiation on the Experimental Model of Migraine

Sivachenko, Ivan B.; Medvedev, D S; Molodtsova, I D; Panteleev, S. S.; Sokolov, Alexey Y.; Lyubashina, O. A.

doi:10.1007/s10517-016-3187-7

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 1, responses were detected in approximately 95% of the 19 studies. In all in vivo studies responses were described after exposure [25,27,36,37,55,56,78,79,87,91,103,104]. Endpoints ranged from recorded footpad edema, which is a frequent endpoint for the measurement of inflammatory responses, to morphological changes, changes in skin temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, neuronal electrical activity, and EEG analyses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

Simkó¹,

Mattsson²

2019

IJERPH

162

101

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The introduction of the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication will increase the number of high-frequency-powered base stations and other devices. The question is if such higher frequencies (in this review, 6–100 GHz, millimeter waves, MMW) can have a health impact. This review analyzed 94 relevant publications performing in vivo or in vitro investigations. Each study was characterized for: study type (in vivo, in vitro), biological material (species, cell type, etc.), biological endpoint, exposure (frequency, exposure duration, power density), results, and certain quality criteria. Eighty percent of the in vivo studies showed responses to exposure, while 58% of the in vitro studies demonstrated effects. The responses affected all biological endpoints studied. There was no consistent relationship between power density, exposure duration, or frequency, and exposure effects. The available studies do not provide adequate and sufficient information for a meaningful safety assessment, or for the question about non-thermal effects. There is a need for research regarding local heat developments on small surfaces, e.g., skin or the eye, and on any environmental impact. Our quality analysis shows that for future studies to be useful for safety assessment, design and implementation need to be significantly improved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

Simkó¹,

Mattsson²

2019

IJERPH

162

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The emergence of fourth-generation (4G) technology, has been in the news lately because the wireless telecommunications industry has been growing rapidly as a result of the urgent need for modern communication technologies to provide wider and better services for the consumer at the lowest cost and highest quality. 4G operates high-band frequencies (2.4 GHz and higher) that consist of millimeter waves (MMWs), a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of one to ten millimeters and frequencies ranging from 30 to 300 GHz (7). With the distribution of (4G) of wireless infrastructure (4G), many people are likely to be exposed to MMWs, and be more vulnerable to these waves as a result of the increasing needs for faster services and new technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the thermal effect of LTE 2600 MHz (4G) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure: Thermographic study on rats

Alchalabi¹,

Asim²,

Rahim³

et al. 2021

IJVS

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Exposure to LTE 2600 MHz microwaves is increasing very fast as new technologies and become accessible worldwide, and the smartphones being the main source of these waves. The aim of this study is to assess the thermal effect of 4G signals on rats. Forty adult Albino rats were used throughout the study, assigned as control and exposed groups, equally. Rats were kept in Plexiglas cages with intermittent exposure to LTE mobile-phone like signals at an average of 2h/day for up to 30 continuous days with SAR value of 0.982 W/kg. Infrared images were snapped immediately after the end of the exposure time, then one hour, two hours, and four hours later at a rate one collection/week during the study. IR images were analyzed by FLIR Tools software. The results exhibited variation in reflected skin temperatures in the exposed group compared to control images. Furthermore, the analysis of collected data revealed significant variations over the course of the study compared to the first week. The rise in skin temperature observed in response to exposure in the first week, which decreased gradually increased exposure and this drop in reflected skin temperature was significantly related to amount of exposure. The study concludes that the LTE 2600 MHz exposure under controlled laboratory conditions has a thermal effect on the rats.

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Millimeter waves in medical applications: status and prospects

Wang,

Lu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Intelligent Medicine

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Effects of Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Radiation on the Experimental Model of Migraine

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

Evaluation of the thermal effect of LTE 2600 MHz (4G) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure: Thermographic study on rats

Millimeter waves in medical applications: status and prospects

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