Effects of milling time on the development of porosity in Cu by the reduction of CuO

Guevara, Laura N.; Nelson, Christopher B.; Hans, Gaurav; Atwater, Cammie L.; Atwater, Mark A.

doi:10.3934/matersci.2017.4.939

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Figure 6(b) suggested that increasing the amount of natural fiber in CeNF at 2 wt.% produced the maximum hardness value of 118.3 kgf. The correlation between hardness and porosity is inverse regarding the previous study [14]. This because of the optimum intermolecular space [15] which was distinctively shown in figure 5.…”

Section: Determination Of the Percentage Of Fibermentioning

confidence: 68%

The effect of natural fiber ratio on mechanical properties of kaolin/fly–ash at low temperature ceramics

Panthuwat

Thipboonraj

Wannawek

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This study aims to increase the feasibility of ceramics at low temperature using natural fibers. The ceramics (Ce) were prepared by mixing a powder of kaolin and fly–ash at an equal ratio of 50:50 wt.%. The mixture was milled by ball–milling technique. The natural fibers ceramics (CeNF) were created by adding local pineapple leaves to kaolin and fly–ash powder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to amorphous observation and particle size determination. The compositions of Ce and CeNF were investigated by using X–ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The mechanical properties of ceramics were determined by hardness and density test. The results showed that the grinding of kaolin and fly–ash for 4 h produced the highest strength Ce. For the addition of local pineapple leaves at 2 wt.%, the strength could be increased from 92.9 kgf to 118.3 kgf.

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Section: Determination Of the Percentage Of Fibermentioning

confidence: 68%

The effect of natural fiber ratio on mechanical properties of kaolin/fly–ash at low temperature ceramics

Panthuwat

Thipboonraj

Wannawek

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…The goal of the preliminary investigation was to identify the most critical factors in the milling process. Based on previous research [8,9], the initial composition chosen was 2 mol% CuO (bal. Cu), and milling durations of 30, 60, 90, or 120 min were applied.…”

Section: Effects Of Milling Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous research [8,9], cryogenic conditions, or 1 wt% SA, were added to prevent cold welding in the SPEX shaker mill. The motivation for this work was to minimize complexity (no cryomilling) and contamination caused by process control agents (PCAs) while increasing the powder yield.…”

Section: Effects Of Processing Control Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early work on the AERO powders, it was found that an average expansion of 37% could be achieved after cryogenically milling ~3 mol% of cupric oxide (CuO) with copper (Cu) powder for 90 min and annealing the compacts at 600 • C for an hour [8]. In a later iteration, Cu 2 mol% CuO milled for 30 min at room temperature and annealed at 800 • C resulted in the greatest porosity (~40%) [9], testifying that the milling conditions have a strong influence on the best processing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric Study of Planetary Milling to Produce Cu-CuO Powders for Pore Formation by Oxide Reduction

Tse Lop Kun,

Rutherford,

Learn

et al. 2023

Materials

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Powder-based methods that are used to make porous metals are relatively simple and scalable, and porosity can be controlled by interparticle spacing as well as the addition of a sacrificial template. A relatively new process based on reducing oxides in a metal matrix has been demonstrated to produce microscale porosity within individual powder particles and thereby may be used to enhance other powder metal techniques. Templating methods require relatively large quantities of powder, but oxide-reduction feedstock powders have only been produced by small-batch ball milling processes (e.g., 10 s of grams). Planetary ball milling is capable of processing larger quantities of powder (e.g., 100 s of grams) but has significantly different milling characteristics. To successfully apply this technique, it was systematically studied in terms of composition, milling conditions, and the addition of stearic acid to control powder size and morphology along with final porosity. It was found that by controlling basic parameters, such as oxide levels and milling time, a relatively high porosity (25%) and powder percentage (99%) can be achieved in Cu-2 mol% CuO with only 0.035 wt% stearic acid and only 90 min of milling.

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“…This method, referred to as intraparticle expansion or Additive Expansion by the Reduction of Oxides (AERO), has only been demonstrated in copper, where copper oxides are distributed within the matrix by mechanical alloying/mixing and are subsequently reduced under hydrogen to form pores throughout the metal. [31][32][33][34] Cu and CuO have beneficial properties for this process, including the low strength and high ductility of the Cu matrix at elevated temperature and the modest reduction temperature of CuO in a hydrogen atmosphere. In addition to the utility of Ni alloys, the Ni-Cu system provides a useful test case for metal/oxide pairings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid State Foaming of Nickel, Monel, and Copper by the Reduction and Expansion of NiO and CuO Dispersions

et al. 2018

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Nickel and its alloys are useful in a range of applications, and nickel foams have increased in popularity for functional applications, such as electrodes. Despite their versatility and interest for burgeoning technologies, there is only one well-developed method for producing porous nickel commercially. This work introduces a simple method for creating porosity in nickel and Monel (70% Ni, 30% Cu) that results in sub-micron to micron-scale pores and grains. This is accomplished by creating oxide dispersions in the metallic matrix and then reducing those oxides at elevated temperature to form pores. It is found that nickel and Monel reach maximum porosity at 800 C withMonel reaching a higher overall porosity (33% vs. 25% for Ni), whereas Cu exhibited 40% porosity under the same conditions. Varied matrix and oxide pairings are examined microstructurally, and the effects of matrix strength, oxide chemistry, and other factors are considered to determine factors in pore development. Uniquely, this method produces pores within individual metallic particles, so this porosity can be added to other powder methods of solid state foaming to enhance the performance in functional applications.

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Effects of milling time on the development of porosity in Cu by the reduction of CuO

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The effect of natural fiber ratio on mechanical properties of kaolin/fly–ash at low temperature ceramics

The effect of natural fiber ratio on mechanical properties of kaolin/fly–ash at low temperature ceramics

Parametric Study of Planetary Milling to Produce Cu-CuO Powders for Pore Formation by Oxide Reduction

Solid State Foaming of Nickel, Monel, and Copper by the Reduction and Expansion of NiO and CuO Dispersions

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