Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Blood Pressure (MBSR) Among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes - A Randomised Pilot Study

Abstract

Hypertension affects approximately 70 percent of patients with diabetes. Diabetic mellitus with elevated blood pressure is a stressful health problem for middle aged and older adults. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been shown to decrease the blood pressure for individual with diabetes. Therefore the randomised pilot study was conducted to evaluate the effects of MBSR on blood pressure among type 2 diabetes, aged 35-60 years in a selected rural community, Bangalore. Forty participants were selected by simple random sampling method and equally randomised into experimental and control groups. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Experimental group had undergone MBSR training session, whereas control group did not receive any training. The study results showed that MBSR was effective in reducing the systolic blood pressure and it was found statistically significant (p=0.018). But there was no change in diastolic blood pressure in both groups. Hence it was statistically not significant (p=0.119). The study concluded that MBSR programme was effective in controlling blood pressure of individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Effect of mindfulness-based interventions on people with prehypertension or hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…A total of twelve RCTs were conducted in America ( n = 3) [ 21 , 65 , 66 ], Canada ( n = 1) [ 63 ], India ( n = 2) [ 41 , 67 ], Iran ( n = 3) [ 20 , 62 , 64 ], Spain ( n = 1) [ 68 ] and China ( n = 2) [ 60 , 61 ] respectively. Ten articles were written in English and two were in Chinese.…”

“…Participants received 8 weekly sessions of structured MBSR intervention in 10 studies, MBCT which consisted of weekly sessions over 8 weeks in one study [ 68 ] and 6 weeks of Mindful Awareness Practice (MAP) in one research [ 21 ]. While intervention in the control group was treatment as usual in four trials [ 41 , 60 , 61 , 64 ], wait-list in three trials [ 62 , 63 , 67 ] and active treatment in six trials including social support [ 66 ], progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training [ 65 ], yoga training [ 20 ], health education [ 21 , 68 ] (see Supplementary Material Table S 2 ).…”

“…Patients were recruited from hospitals and private clinics in 6 studies [ 20 , 41 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 68 ]. Six studies recruited participants from communities [ 21 , 60 , 63 , 65 – 67 ]. All but two trials (100% male in Parswani et al’s study [ 41 ] and 100% female in Babak et al’s study [ 64 ]) were mixed-gender, with females accounting for 40 to 95%.…”

Effectiveness and implementation of psychological interventions for depression in people with non-communicable diseases in South Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

“…All the studies were conducted in India. One study was conducted in the community (Sasikumar, 2017 ) and four in hospital settings [two in inpatients (Kaur et al., 2018 ; Pathak et al., 2013 ) and two in outpatients (Ali et al., 2020 ; Valsaraj et al., 2016 )]. One study was exclusively on women and the other four included between 30 and 60% of women.…”

“…( 2020 ) used a reduction in Symptom Checklist Depression Scale (SCL-20) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score (PHQ-9). Sasikumar ( 2017 ) used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Kaur et al. ( 2018 ) used the Beck Depression Inventory, Valsaraj et al.…”