Effects of Mindfulness-Based Tai Chi Chuan on Physical Performance and Cognitive Function among Cognitive Frailty Older Adults: A Six-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: The Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan on physical performance and cognitive function among cognitive frailty older adults. Design: A single-blind,three-arm randomized controlled trial. Setting: Three communities in Daqing, China. Participants: The study sample comprised 93 men and women aged 65 years or older who were able to walk more than 10 m without helping tools, scored 0.5 on Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and absence of concurrent dementia, identified pre-frailty (scored 1-2 on Fried Frailty Criteria) and frailty older adults (scored 3-5 on Fried Frailty Criteria). Intervention: Subjects were randomly allocated to three groups: Group1, which received mindfulness intervention (formal and informal mindfulness practices); Group 2, which received Tai-Chi Chuan intervention; Group 3, which received MTCC intervention. Measurements: The primary outcomes was cognitive frailty rate(measured by Fried Frailty Criteria and Clinical Dementia Rating-CDR) , the secondary outcome were cognitive function (measured by Min-Mental State Examination-MMES) and physical level (measured by Short physical performance battery- SPPB, Timed up and Go test-TUG and the 30-second Chair test). They were all assessed at Time 1-baseline, Time 2-after the end of 6-month intervention and the follow up (Time 3-half year after the end of 6-month intervention). Results: The baseline characteristics did not differ among the groups.Improvements in the cognitive function (MMES), physical performance (SPPB, TUG, 30-second Chair test) were significantly difference between time-group interaction (p<.05). The rate of CF was significantly different among groups at 6-month follow-up period (χ2=6.37, p<.05). A lower prevalence of frailty and better cognitive function and physical performance were found in the Group 3 compared with other two groups at the follow-up period (p<.05). Conclusions: MTCC seems to be effectively reverse CF, improving the cognitive and physical function among older adults, suggesting that MTCC is a preferably intervention option in community older adults with cognitive frailty.

Clinical Observation of MRI Scanning Combined with Clinical Nursing for Surgical Breast Cancer Patients

“…The major risk factors for breast cancer include menarche age, menopause age, first pregnancy age, postmenopausal estrogen supplement, oral contraceptives, diet, weight gain, and so on. Imaging techniques such as B ultrasound and MRI scanning play an important role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer [ 17 , 18 ]. Radical mastectomy is a relatively ideal treatment for breast cancer patients.…”

The effects of interventions to enhance cognitive and physical functions in older people with cognitive frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Nine articles were eligible for qualitative synthesis. Only eight articles [20,21,[23][24][25][39][40][41] were included in a meta-analysis of different outcomes because a study did not provide the mean and standard deviation of the outcomes and was excluded [22].…”

“…Types of exercise included high-speed power training, high-speed resistance training, balance, flexibility and strength training, brisk walking, Tai Chi Chuan, cycling, and Otago exercise. One study included a mindfulness element in the Tai Chi Chuan intervention [40]. One study involved physical and cognitive intervention components simultaneously in a virtual reality (VR) platform [41].…”

“…The majority of the studies (n = 5, 55.6%) measured cognitive functions using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span Test, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [20,21,24,40,41]. Three studies (37.5%) examined frailty status using the Fried Frailty Index (FFI) [24,25,41].…”

“…All nine studies included a physical activity component in the intervention (n = 9, 100%). Four studies (44.4%) [22,23,39,40] used a multi-component exercise intervention, which included strength, balance, and flexibility training [22,23], Otago exercise [39], and Tai Chi Chuan [40]. Two studies (22.2%) [24,25] used a strengthening exercise: one was chair-based [25], and the other was resistance-based training [24].…”