Effects of mixing alcohol with energy drink on objective and subjective intoxication: results from a Dutch on-premise study

Verster, Joris C.; Benjaminsen, J. M. E.; Lanen, J. H. M. van; Stavel, N. M. D. van; Olivier, Berend

doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3715-y

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Contrary to what may be expected given the association between caffeine and alcohol use and increased alcohol consumption (e.g., O’Brien et al 2008; Pennay et al 2015; Thombs et al 2010; Thombs et al 2011; Verster et al 2015) or increased desire for alcohol (Heinz et al 2013; Marczinski et al 2013; Marczinski et al 2016; McKetin and Coen, 2014), in the present study, added caffeine did not affect the number of self-administered drinks. There may be several explanations for this result.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Further, field research has linked co-consumption of caffeine and alcohol with increased breath alcohol concentration or a greater number of alcohol drinks consumed (Pennay et al 2015; Thombs et al 2010; Thombs et al 2011; Verster et al 2015). Animal research also suggests that some caffeine doses are associated with increased alcohol consumption (Dietze and Kulkosky 1991; Kunin et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of caffeine on alcohol reinforcement: beverage choice, self-administration, and subjective ratings

et al. 2017

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Rationale Combining alcohol and caffeine is associated with increased alcohol consumption, but no prospective experimental studies have examined whether added caffeine increases alcohol consumption. Objectives This study examined how caffeine alters alcohol self-administration and subjective reinforcing effects in healthy adults. Methods Thirty-one participants completed six double-blind alcohol self-administration sessions: three sessions with alcohol only (e.g., Beverage A) and three sessions with alcohol and caffeine (e.g., Beverage B). Participants chose which beverage to consume on a subsequent session (e.g., Beverage A or B). Effects of caffeine on overall beverage choice, number of self-administered drinks, subjective ratings (e.g., Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale), and psychomotor performance were examined. Results A majority of participants (65%) chose to drink the alcohol beverage containing caffeine on their final self-administration session. Caffeine did not increase the number of self-administered drinks. Caffeine significantly increased stimulant effects, decreased sedative effects, and attenuated decreases in psychomotor performance attributable to alcohol. Relative to nonchoosers, caffeine choosers reported overall lower stimulant ratings, and reported greater drinking behavior prior to the study. Conclusions Although caffeine did not increase the number of self-administered drinks, most participants chose the alcohol beverage containing caffeine. Given the differences in subjective ratings and pre-existing differences in self-reported alcohol consumption for caffeine choosers and nonchoosers, these data suggest decreased stimulant effects of alcohol and heavier self-reported drinking may predict subsequent choice of combined caffeine and alcohol beverages. These predictors may identify individuals who would benefit from efforts to reduce risk behaviors associated with combining alcohol and caffeine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of caffeine on alcohol reinforcement: beverage choice, self-administration, and subjective ratings

et al. 2017

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“…When including the three omitted studies (Penning et al , Lubman et al , Verster et al ) no relevant changes were seen in the overall outcome of the meta‐analyses. Again, the meta‐analysis of between‐group comparisons revealed that AMED consumers on a typical drinking occasion consume significantly more alcohol than AO consumers ( p = 0.0001, ES = 0.453, 95%CI = 0.289 to 0.617).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mixing alcohol with energy drink (AMED) and total alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Verster

Benson

Johnson

et al. 2016

Hum. Psychopharmacol Clin Exp

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It has been suggested that consuming alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) may increase total alcohol consumption. Aims of this systematic review and meta‐analysis were (i) to compare alcohol consumption of AMED consumers with alcohol only (AO) consumers (between‐group comparisons), and (ii) to examine if alcohol consumption of AMED consumers differs on AMED and AO occasions (within‐subject comparisons). A literature search identified fourteen studies. Meta‐analyses of between‐group comparisons of N = 5212 AMED consumers and N = 12 568 AO consumers revealed that on a typical single drinking episode AMED consumers drink significantly more alcohol than AO consumers (p = 0.0001, ES = 0.536, 95%CI: 0.349 to 0.724). Meta‐analyses of within‐subject comparisons among N = 2871 AMED consumers revealed no significant difference in overall alcohol consumption on a typical drinking episode between AMED and AO occasions (p = 0.465, ES = −0.052, 95%CI: −0.192 to 0.088). In conclusion, between‐group comparisons suggest that heavy alcohol consumption is one of the several phenotypical differences between AMED and AO consumers. Within‐subject comparisons revealed, however, that AMED consumption does not increase the total amount of alcohol consumed on a single drinking episode. © 2016 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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“…Unfortunately, due to ethical constraints, achieved BAC levels in controlled studies usually do not reach BAC levels seen in nightlife [6]. In this context, a recent study with a naturalistic design (i.e., participants alcohol consumption is not influenced by the researchers) revealed an estimated peak BAC of 0.18% [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Hangover, Sleep Quality, and Daytime Sleepiness

et al. 2017

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Purpose Heavy drinking has been shown to disrupt sleep, increase sleepiness the next day, and produce symptoms collectively referred to as ''hangover''. A survey was conducted to determine the impact of heavy alcohol consumption on sleep, daytime sleepiness, and hangover severity. Methods N = 335 adults, experienced with alcohol hangover, completed a survey of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and hangover symptoms comparing a heavy drinking occasion with a non-alcohol occasion. Data from those who reported [5-h sleep on the alcohol occasion were compared to those reporting \5-h sleep. Results Participants consumed on average 22.4 (SD 16.8) alcoholic drinks per week. On their last heavy drinking session that produced a hangover, the number of alcoholic drinks they consumed equaled 14.3 (SD 8.2). Relative to a normal night of sleep, sleep quality was significantly worse after the last drinking session (p \ 0.006), and the following day daytime sleepiness was significantly increased (p \ 0.0001). When controlling for alcohol quantity, daytime sleepiness significantly correlated to overall hangover severity, whereas sleep quality and duration did not.Conclusion Heavy alcohol consumption significantly reduces sleep quality, and significantly increases daytime sleepiness the following day.

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Effects of mixing alcohol with energy drink on objective and subjective intoxication: results from a Dutch on-premise study

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of caffeine on alcohol reinforcement: beverage choice, self-administration, and subjective ratings

Effects of caffeine on alcohol reinforcement: beverage choice, self-administration, and subjective ratings

Mixing alcohol with energy drink (AMED) and total alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Alcohol Hangover, Sleep Quality, and Daytime Sleepiness

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