“…Arsenite is more toxic and mobile than arsenate in aqueous environments, and also more difficult to remove owing to its low affinity for sorbents (Zhang et al, 2018). Oxidizing As(III) into the more readily extractable As(V) thus appears as an efficient way to lower its toxicity and to achieve arsenic immobilization (Parikh et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2009).…”