Effects of modafinil and methylphenidate on visual attention capacity: a TVA-based study

Finke, Kathrin; Dodds, Chris; Bublak, Peter; Regenthal, Ralf; Baumann, Frank; Manly, Tom; Müller, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1823-x

Cited by 112 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…The greater impact of modafinil on learning performance in the MA group than in healthy control subjects is consistent with previous observations that individuals who perform poorly on cognitive tasks, relative to those who perform well, show greater improvement after receiving modafinil (Finke et al, 2010; Kalechstein et al, 2010; Spence Figure 2 Task-related fMRI activity (all trials) corresponding to the interaction of treatment and group. The MA group showed a greater response to modafinil than did the control group in the anterior cingulate, bilateral anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus, orbito-frontal cortex, and striatum (interaction: MA(modafinilplacebo)4control(modafinil-placebo), see Table 3 for the full list of regions).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Modafinil on Learning and Task-Related Brain Activity in Methamphetamine-Dependent and Healthy Individuals

Ghahremani

Tabibnia

Monterosso

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

109

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Methamphetamine (MA)-dependent individuals exhibit deficits in cognition and prefrontal cortical function. Therefore, medications that improve cognition in these subjects may improve the success of therapy for their addiction, especially when cognitive behavioral therapies are used. Modafinil has been shown to improve cognitive performance in neuropsychiatric patients and healthy volunteers. We therefore conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, to examine the effects of modafinil on learning and neural activity related to cognitive function in abstinent, MA-dependent, and healthy control participants. Modafinil (200 mg) and placebo were administered orally (one single dose each), in counterbalanced fashion, 2 h before each of two testing sessions. Under placebo conditions, MA-dependent participants showed worse learning performance than control participants. Modafinil boosted learning in MA-dependent participants, bringing them to the same performance level as control subjects; the control group did not show changes in performance with modafinil. After controlling for performance differences, MAdependent participants showed a greater effect of modafinil on brain activation in bilateral insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortices than control participants. The findings suggest that modafinil improves learning in MA-dependent participants, possibly by enhancing neural function in regions important for learning and cognitive control. These results suggest that modafinil may be a suitable pharmacological adjunct for enhancing the efficiency of cognitive-based therapies for MA dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology (2011) 36, 950-959;

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Modafinil on Learning and Task-Related Brain Activity in Methamphetamine-Dependent and Healthy Individuals

Ghahremani

Tabibnia

Monterosso

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

109

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“…The effects of expectations and alertness on performance are not modelled explicitly by TVA [1] or NTVA [2,21] in their present forms, but in recent years a few studies [4,6,7,34] have directly investigated the relationship between these intensity aspects of attention and TVA-based measures of visual selectivity and capacity. Matthias et al [7] investigated the effects of a phasically alerting cue on perceptual processing capacity and spatial attention in three whole report experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal expectancy in the context of a theory of visual attention

Vangkilde

Petersen

Bundesen

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Temporal expectation is expectation with respect to the timing of an event such as the appearance of a certain stimulus. In this paper, temporal expectancy is investigated in the context of the theory of visual attention (TVA), and we begin by summarizing the foundations of this theoretical framework. Next, we present a parametric experiment exploring the effects of temporal expectation on perceptual processing speed in cued single-stimulus letter recognition with unspeeded motor responses. The length of the cue–stimulus foreperiod was exponentially distributed with one of six hazard rates varying between blocks. We hypothesized that this manipulation would result in a distinct temporal expectation in each hazard rate condition. Stimulus exposures were varied such that both the temporal threshold of conscious perception ( t 0 ms) and the perceptual processing speed ( v letters s −1 ) could be estimated using TVA. We found that the temporal threshold t 0 was unaffected by temporal expectation, but the perceptual processing speed v was a strikingly linear function of the logarithm of the hazard rate of the stimulus presentation. We argue that the effects on the v values were generated by changes in perceptual biases, suggesting that our perceptual biases are directly related to our temporal expectations.

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“…In addition, the studies show that there are little differences in terms of cognitive-enhancement even compared to placebo: one study [152] even showed a better cogni tive improvement in the placebo group. In addition, many of the CE drugs are most effective only on patients characterized by the lowest baseline of cognitive performance [153][154][155][156][157], while even impairing performance of patients with high baseline cognitive function [154,[158][159][160][161].…”

Section: Summary Of Desired Effects and Side Effects Of Drugs For Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Doping for Chess Performance

Golf¹

2015

J Sports Med Doping Stud

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During a chess game, the needed energy is first derived instantly from ATP and creatine-phosphate, then within a few seconds later from glycogen stores in brain, glycogen, muscle and liver and finally, 1-2 hours later from adipose tissue. Anaerobic oxidation of glucose-derivative from glycogen delivers energy 6 times faster than aerobic oxidation of glucose and oxidation of fatty acids; correspondingly, mental activity can perform as well 6 times faster as long as glycogen is available.The mental profile of chess players correlates with cerebral processes such as attention, conflict solution, memory, motivation and recognition, which together constitute a specific chess-domain expertise.A chess player may compete best when a) regularly physical exercise is carried out to compete in strenuous chess tournaments and to stimulate mental cognition, b) super compensated glycogen is accumulated in brain, muscle and liver by corresponding nutrition and physical and mental activities, and c. an active mental disposition is available for complex brain tasks during chess by complementary treatment schemes e.g., cogni-tive enhancement (CE) by chess training with chess boards, chess books, building chess images, visual observation of chess games, vocational training with chess, metacognitive training, and additionally regular light physical stress. An illicit improvement of brain performance for chess playing may be achieved by several measures:1.Increase of O 2 supply by therapy with erythropoietin (EPO) for chess tournaments at high altitudes and for chess players with lung diseases 2.Increase of body glycogen by therapy with insulin Regular non-medical use of steroid and proteohormones in elevated concentrations and CE-drugs must also consider numerous side effects ranging from simple metabolic disturbances through cardiac problems to cognitive decline to tumorgenesis and sudden death.

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Effects of modafinil and methylphenidate on visual attention capacity: a TVA-based study

Cited by 112 publications

References 82 publications

Effect of Modafinil on Learning and Task-Related Brain Activity in Methamphetamine-Dependent and Healthy Individuals

Effect of Modafinil on Learning and Task-Related Brain Activity in Methamphetamine-Dependent and Healthy Individuals

Temporal expectancy in the context of a theory of visual attention

Doping for Chess Performance

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