Effects of Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training and High-Intensity Interval Training on Testicular Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and m6A Methylation in Obese Male Mice

Abstract

Exercise is an effective way to improve reproductive function in obese males. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are important pathological factors of obesity-related male infertility. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is associated with obesity and testicular reproductive function. Our study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on testicular oxidative stress, apoptosis and m6A methylation in obese male mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into the four groups: normal diet (ND) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, high-fat diet with moderate-intensity continuous training (HFD-MICT) group and high-fat diet with high-intensity interval training (HFD-HIIT) group. Mice in the HFD-MICT and HFD-HIIT groups were subjected to 8 weeks of MICT or HIIT treadmill protocols after 12 weeks of HFD feeding. We found that MICT and HIIT increased the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 in the testes of obese mice, and HIIT increased it more than MICT. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression and TUNEL-positive cells were consistently up-regulated in the testes of obese mice, but MICT and HIIT restrained these HFD-induced effects. In addition, HFDs increased m6A levels and the gene expression of METTL3, YTHDF2 and FTO in the testes, but these effects were reversed by MICT and HIIT. However, HIIT was more effective than MICT in reducing m6A methylation in the testes of obese mice. These results demonstrate that both MICT and HIIT protected against HFD-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and m6A methylation in testicular tissues; as a result, testicular morphological and functional impairment improved. In particular, HIIT was more beneficial than MICT in increasing the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes and testicular antioxidant capacity and decreasing m6A methylation in the testes of HFD-fed mice.

High-Intensity Interval Training Ameliorates Tramadol-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats

“…HIIT increases antioxidant capacity compared to low and moderate EXE intensities without causing changes in lipid peroxidation [ 22 , 23 ]. In agreement with our results, other studies indicated that HIIT significantly enhanced the effectiveness of antioxidant defense mechanisms and reinforced the body's capacity to eliminate pro-oxidants [ 23 ], demonstrating that regular HIIT can decrease pro-oxidants such as MDA [ 24 ]. The HIIT training increased GPX and SOD in those who received TRA (EXE-TRA) compared to the TRA group and reversed the destructive effect of TRA on the kidneys.…”

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Ameliorates the Tramadol-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats

“…HIIT increases antioxidant capacity compared to low and moderate exercise intensities with no changes in lipid peroxidation (32,33). In agreement with our results, other studies indicated that HIIT exercise signi cantly enhanced the effectiveness of antioxidant defense mechanisms and reinforces the body's capacity to eliminate pro-oxidants (33,34), demonstrating that regular HIIT exercise can decrease pro-oxidants such as MDA (35,36). The HIIT training increased GP X and SOD in TRA group.…”

Comprehensive Analysis of the Transcriptome-Wide m6A Methylome in Shaziling Pig Testicular Development

“…These genes are involved in spermatogonia differentiation, meiosis, spermiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, and other processes [10]. The m 6 A modifications in the testis are dynamic and rapidly respond to environmental exposures and pathological factors, such as environmental toxicants [44][45][46], heavy metals [47,48], high-fat diets [49], physical exercises [50], idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia [21], and male genital system tumors [51]. Pigs are anatomically and physiologically comparable to humans and are well-suited as non-rodent biological models for studying male infertility and testicular tumors due to the rapid rate of sexual maturation in boars.…”