Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures on calcium and metallothionein levels, oxidative stress, and gill histopathological changes in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal cadmium

Abalaka, Samson Eneojo; Oyelowo, F. O.; Akande, Motunrayo Ganiyat; Tenuche, Oremeyi Z.; Sani, Nuhu Abdulazeez; Adeyemo, Bolade Thomas; Idoko, Idoko S; Ogbe, A. O.; Ejeh, Sunday A.

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14426-z

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Fish blood collection was via caudal venepuncture into EDTA-containing sample bottles at the end of the 96-h exposure [45] and used to determine the red blood cells (RBC) count based on the Neubauer hemocytometer method using Dacie's diluting solution (formol citrate) as described by [46]. Similarly, the hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and hematological indices (mean corpuscular volume or MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin or MCH, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration or MCHC) with the white blood cells (WBC) and differential WBC counts were determined as described by [47].…”

Section: Hematological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harvested gill tissues were immediately fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, paraffin-embedded, sectioning at 5 µm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to standard procedure as described by [49]. The categorizing of the observed histopathological changes into degrees of tissue change according to [45] occurred based on the method of [50] using the formula: DTC = (1 × ƩI) + (10 × ƩII) + (100 X ƩIII) after establishing gills lesions in Stages I, II and III, according to the protocol. The interpretation of the obtained values took place as follows: 0-10 (healthy functioning gills); 11-20 (slightly damaged gills); 21-50 (moderately damaged gills), and 51-100 (severely damaged gills) while values above 100 (> 100) indicated irreparably damaged gills.…”

Section: Histopathological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicopathological effects of acute cadmium chloride exposure of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Abalaka

Oyelowo

Akande

et al. 2021

Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Object There are increasing levels of global cadmium (Cd 2+ ) aquatic environmental pollution with untold consequences following either sudden exposure to large concentrations or prolong exposure to low doses. The investigation of sudden exposure to large concentrations of Cd 2+ toxicities in exposed fish, especially in the hardy and adaptable Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) with accessory breathing organs will further elucidate on its toxicity pathways given the spates of industrial accidents-induced environmental pollution. Methods The experiment involved the use of 126 adult C. gariepinus exposed to various concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) over a 96-h period, in triplicates, following 14-day acclimatization period. Results Initial behavioral agitations progressed to depression, including signs of respiratory distress, neurotoxicity, and death in some of the exposed fish. A median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) established for CdCl 2 was 10.48 mgL −1 in the exposed adult C. gariepinus. The exposure caused sudden deterioration in fish water quality with severe gill cellular damage, which provoked variable hematological responses in the exposed fish. Conclusion Cadmium chloride was more toxic to C. gariepinus adults than already reported for C. gariepinus fingerlings and juveniles based on the established LC 50 values. Sudden exposure to large concentration of CdCl 2 has the propensity to negatively impact fish health indirectly (changes in fish water quality) and directly (hemotoxicity and cellular damages).

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Section: Hematological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histopathological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%