Effects of Motor Vehicle Exhaust on Male Reproductive Function and Associated Proteins

Abstract

Air pollution is consistently associated with various diseases and subsequent death among children, adult, and elderly people worldwide. Motor vehicle exhaust contributes to a large proportion of the air pollution present. The motor vehicle exhaust systems emit a variety of toxic components, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ozone, particulate matter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Several epidemiological studies and laboratory studies have demonstrated that these components are potentially mutagenic, carcinogenic, and endocrine disrupting agents. However, their impact on male reproductive function and associated proteins is not very clear. Therefore, a comprehensive review on the effects of motor vehicle exhaust on male reproductive function and associated proteins is needed to better understand the risks of exhaust exposure for men. We found that motor vehicle exhaust can cause harmful effects on male reproductive functions by altering organ weights, reducing the spermatozoa qualities, and inducing oxidative stress. Remarkably, motor vehicle exhaust exposure causes significant changes in the expression patterns of proteins that are key components involved in spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis. In conclusion, this review helps to describe the risks of vehicle exhaust exposure and its relationship to potential adverse effects on the male reproduction system.

Effects of Dietary Vitamin E on Fertility Functions in Poultry Species

“…Male fertility is principally related to semen and sperm qualities, including the volume of semen, concentration of sperms in the semen, sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm forward progression, and the sperm fertilizing capacity. These qualities can be affected by several environmental factors and endocrine disrupting chemicals, which may enter the body through diet, respiration, and skin contact [22]. The resulting adverse effects may be partially controlled or averted by clinical treatments or by dietary supplementation with certain beneficiary compounds, including minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants.…”

Influence of breed type and age on spermatological traits of Nigerian local chickens

“…It is a good indicator of a sire's reproductive potential and is often used in predicting fertility (Donoghue et al, 1998). Decreased sperm motility has been associated with abnormal spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation problems (Rengaraj et al, 2015). Sperm motility of the two breeds studied was within the reference range of 60-80% reported for cockerels in Means on the same row, for individual traits, not sharing a common superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05).…”

“…Low semen volume (hypospermia) is often associated with several factors like blockage of vas deferens or seminal vesicle and hormonal imbalance. Conversely, high semen volume (hyperspermia) is an indication of hormonal imbalance due to the presence of certain steroids (Rengaraj et al, 2015).…”

“…These features include the appearance and volume of the semen, concentration, motility and morphology of the sperm (Galal, 2007). There have been numerous reports that the semen quality of cocks is influenced by several factors which include nutrition (Tadondjou et al, 2014), season (Ayo et al, 2007;Santiago-Moreno et al, 2011;Elagib et al, 2012), frequency of ejaculation (McDaniel and Sexton, 1977), endocrine disrupting chemicals (Rengaraj et al, 2015), photo/lighting period (Bajpai, 1963;Almahdi et al, 2014), physiology (Omeje and Marire, 1990), breed or strain (Molekwa and Umesiobi, 2009;Oke and Ihemeson, 2010;Tarif et al, 2013) and age (Cerolini et al, 1997;Shanmugam et al, 2012). The present study was aimed at investigating the influence of breed type and age on spermatological traits of two Nigerian local chicken breeds (normal feather and naked neck).…”

Effects of dietary vitamin E on male reproductive system

“…The key evaluation parameters of male reproductive system are volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration and fertilizing ability. These quality parameters can be severely altered by certain stresses and endocrine disrupters, which can contact the body through different sources like diet and body contacts [27]. These adverse effects can be controlled by the use of supporting compounds, including multivitamins, mineral and antioxidants.…”