Effects of Multicomponent Exercise on Cognitive Performance and Fall Risk in Older Women with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Differences in fall-related characteristics across cognitive disorders

“…For instance, Tai Chi training reduced the PPA measures by up to 88% (Sungkarat et al, 2017). Similarly, a multicomponent exercise program involving aerobic, resistance, and balance exercise was found to improve attention, dual-task ability, and reduce risk of falling by 60% (Thaiyanto et al, 2021). Fischer (2021) reported that fall prevention programs solely based on cognitive tasks reduce fall rates, with a median decrease of two falls per person over a 6-month period.…”

“…Tai Chi training (Sungkarat et al, 2017) Salsa dancing (Abreu and Hartley, 2013) Dual-task program (Zhou et al, 2021;Spano et al, 2022) -Argentine tango (Peter et al, 2020) Ventriculoperitoneal shunting (Mantovani et al, 2021) Rehabilitation program incl. respiratory exercises, speech therapy, physical and cognitive exercises (Zinzi et al, 2007) Dual-task program (Silva et al, 2021) Exercise program involving aerobic, resistance and balance (Thaiyanto et al, 2021) Exercise program involving balance, strengthening and walking (Suttanon et al, 2013) VR training Rehabilitation combining movement strategy and strength (Morris et al, 2015) Multifactorial, cognitively-based program (Fischer, 2021) Training program combining motor and cognitive exercises (Hernandez et al, 2010) Qigong (Song et al, 2017) Sensor-based balance training (Schwenk et al, 2016) Physical exercise program (Pitkala et al, 2013) Tai Chi (Gao et al, 2014;Song et al, 2017) Donepezil treatment (Montero-Odasso et al, 2019) Balance training (Smania et al, 2010) Pharmacological treatment (Giladi, 2008) AD, Alzheimer's disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; HD, Huntington's disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NPH, normal pressure hydrocephalus; PD, Parkinson's disease. Out of the 22 reported studies, only four presented effect sizes on fall prevention strategies (Zhou et al, 2021 non-fallers (Bohnen et al, 2009).…”

“…Fall prevention strategies that have been successful in cognitively normal adults have failed in patients with cognitive impairments, suggesting that such strategies should be carefully prescribed to the target population (Shaw, 2007). In this respect, emphasizing a therapeutic approach addressing fear of falling as well as dual tasking (Ansai et al, 2019;Thaiyanto et al, 2021) in MCI patients could be a beneficial component for strategies to prevent falls in this group, but such approaches may not be successful in other diseases such as AD. Indeed, AD patients show a much lower prevalence of fear of falling (Borges Sde et al, 2015) and no differences in dual-task performance have been found between fallers and non-fallers (Goncalves et al, 2018;Ansai et al, 2019).…”

O efeito de intervenções com exercício físico no custo da marcha em dupla tarefa em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise.

“…Esse cenário agrava-se quando os idosos têm condições que acentuam o declínio cognitivo acima do esperado para idade e escolaridade, como por exemplo, o Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL). Idosos com CCL apresentam maiores prejuízos na marcha do que idosos cognitivamente intactos (THAIYANTO et al, 2020), isto é, apresentam uma redução da velocidade da marcha maior do que o esperado para a idade (MUIR et al, 2012). Os prejuízos na marcha parecem aumentar com a severidade do déficit cognitivo (i.e., demência) PEI, 2018).…”