Effects of Multilevel Intervention in Workplace Health Promotion on Workers’ Metabolic Syndrome Components

Abstract

Approximately 10-30% of adult Asian people had metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to reveal effects of workplace health promotion (WHP) with multilevel interventions on workers' metabolic syndrome component. This study was conducted in 2014-2015 using quasi-experimental design with multilevel subject intervention in Indonesia. The WHP program for multilevel intervention group included 12 weeks of combined physical training, diet, health education, social support, and advocacy. The WHP program for control group included only health education. Instruments used included IPAQ, table of 24-hour food recall, physical measurement tools, and clinical laboratories. Data analysis used Marginal Homogeneity, paired sample t-test, Mc Nemar, and Wilcoxon test. WHP multilevel intervention could improve physical activity and the nutrition in accordance with diet of workers, in particular to increase the amount of fiber and a reduce cholesterol intake. The improved metabolic syndrome components due to the influence of multilevel WHP were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels (p value < 0.05). Overall, workplace health promotion multilevel interventions are effective for the management of metabolic syndrome components.Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, multilevel intervention, workplace health promotion Abstrak Sekitar 10-30% orang Asia dewasa mengalami sindrom metabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap efek Promosi Kesehatan di Tempat Kerja PKDTK dengan intervensi multilevel pada komponen/penanda pekerja yang menderita sindrom metabolik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2014-2015 dengan menggunakan desain quasi experimental dengan intervensi subjek secara multilevel di Indonesia. Program PKDTK untuk kelompok intervensi multilevel berupa kombinasi latihan fisik, diet, pendidikan kesehatan, dukungan sosial, dan advokasi salama 12 minggu. Program PKDTK untuk kelompok kontrol hanya pendidikan kesehatan. Instrumen penelitian seperti IPAQ, table food recall 24 jam, alat pengukuran fisik, dan laboratorium klinis. Analisis data menggunakan Marginal Homogeneity, paired sample t, Mc Nemar, dan uji Wilcoxon. Intervensi PKDTK multilevel dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan asupan makanan yang sesuai dengan diet sindrom metabolik, khususnya untuk meningkatkan jumlah serat pangan dan pengurangan asupan kolesterol. Komponen sindrom metabolik yang membaik karena pengaruh PKDTK secara multilevel adalah tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, serta kadar glukosa darah puasa (nilai p < 0,05). Secara keseluruhan, intervensi PKDTK multilevel efektif untuk pengelolaan komponen sindroma metabolik pada pekerja. IntroductionA systematic review has shown that approximately 10-13% of East and Southeast Asian populations had metabolic syndrome in 2007. 1 Several studies also showed an increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome among workers. 2-4 Metabolic syndrome incidence among Indonesian workers also tends to increase, as a study conducted by Semiardji, 4 found that 24.4% of diseases among workers wer...

Nutritional and lifestyle intervention strategies for metabolic syndrome in Southeast Asia: A scoping review of recent evidence

“…A multilevel intervention was carried out consisting of health education lectures, printed materials and social support for workers, personal counseling for the employees’ families, advocacy for company leaders, and collaborative learning for all participants. The effects of these Working Health Promotion activities were compared with a control, in which workers received health education lectures only [ 32 ].…”

“…The number of studies reporting each component of MetS and their proportions which recorded significant improvements compared to either baseline or control is shown in Fig 3 . Briefly, all studies that reported waist circumference found significant improvement at post-intervention [ 27 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ]. More than 80% of studies found significant improvement in blood pressure [ 27 , 30 – 33 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ], followed by 64% of studies that reported fasting blood glucose [ 30 – 32 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ].…”

“…Briefly, all studies that reported waist circumference found significant improvement at post-intervention [ 27 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ]. More than 80% of studies found significant improvement in blood pressure [ 27 , 30 – 33 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ], followed by 64% of studies that reported fasting blood glucose [ 30 – 32 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ]. Relatively fewer interventions found success in the improvement of lipid profile.…”

“…Waist circumference can be considered a mainstay of abdominal obesity measurement recognized by most definitions of MetS, chiefly the IDF definition, which maintains it as a prerequisite [ 10 ]. Eight studies investigated this, and remarkably, all have yielded significant reductions ranging from 0.71% to 4.71% post-intervention [ 27 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ]. Hip circumference was also measured in two studies [ 27 , 36 ], but only one produced substantial results [ 36 ].…”

The Dominant factor of metabolic syndrome among office workers

“…The results showed that multilevel Health Promotion at Work interventions improve dietary intake by increasing the amount of dietary fiber and reducing cholesterol intake, as well as increasing physical activity. These interventions are effective in controlling metabolic syndrome in the workplace (28).…”