Effects of Mung Bean (Vigna radiataL.) Ethanol Extracts Decrease Proinflammatory Cytokine-Induced Lipogenesis in the KK-Ay Diabese Mouse Model

Abstract

Rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic inflammatory diseases has led to research focused on nutraceuticals for their treatment. This study investigated the effects of the ethanol extracts of mung bean testa (MBT) on the metabolic inflammation-induced lipogenesis in gastrocnemius muscle of KK-Ay diabese mice. Ethanol extracts of MBT were orally administered to diabese KK-Ay mice for 4 weeks after diet-induced obesity model was generated by feeding a 60% high-fat diet for 3 weeks. Although there were no changes in body weight gain, MBT treatments decreased total weight of white adipose tissue. MBT also decreased triacylglycerol and total cholesterol levels in the muscle by 30%, which was correlated with suppression of lipogenic genes such as ACC, C/EBP alpha, PGC-1 alpha, and PPAR gamma. In particular, decreased levels of p-ERK1/2, PPAR gamma, and C/EBP alpha in the MBT-treated groups suggest that MBT might inhibit adipogenesis and decrease differentiation via the MEK/ERK pathway. Furthermore, significantly lower amounts of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and intramuscular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were detected in MBT groups, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of mung bean. In addition, our in vitro pilot study with 3T3-L1 cells showed that vitexin, the functional chemical in MBT, inhibited inflammation-induced lipogenesis with significantly lower amounts of IL-6 and MCP-1 after 14 days of vitexin treatment. Thus, the functional compounds in the mung bean ethanol extracts such as vitexin and isovitexin may regulate intracellular lipogenesis and adipogenesis via antiinflammatory mechanisms and MEK/ERK pathway in the KK-Ay mouse model. KEY WORDS: adipogenesis adipokines C/EBPa diabese ERK1/2 metabolic inflammation mung bean PGC-1a PPARc Vigna radiata L.

Activating the PGC‐1α/TERT Pathway by Catalpol Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via Modulating ROS Production, DNA Damage, and Telomere Function: Implications on Mitochondria and Telomere Link

“…Moreover, a previous study has proposed that NOX1 activation can lead to cellular senescence of VSMCs through decreasing PGC-1 α and increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress [ 46 ]. Some natural products have been reported to confer protective effects against AS through the PGC-1 α -related pathway [ 47 – 51 ]. Likewise, in the present study, catalpol effectively increased the suppression of PGC-1 α and inhibited the activation of NOX2 and NOX4, as well as ROS overproduction both in vivo and in vitro.…”

Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.): Bioactive Polyphenols, Polysaccharides, Peptides, and Health Benefits

“…The mechanism underlying the cholesterol-lowering activity of mung bean protein was speculated to increase the fecal bile acids and sterol excretion, as well as decrease the cholesterol absorption and synthesis (Figure 2A,B). In another study, vitexin, isovitexin, and ethanolic extracts of the mung bean significantly lowered the fat accumulation in the in vitro and animal studies by decreasing the expression of lipogenic genes, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (a rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (promoting adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid storage), and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (a liver-enriched transcriptional regulator for fat metabolism) [67]. The inhibition of adipogenic gene expression was speculated to be mediated by the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.…”

Effect of Soy Milk and Mung Bean Porridge on Serum Triglycerides among Postmen-opausal Women

“…Soybeans contain low calories, 0% cholesterol, 0% trans fatty acids, high protein, high isoflavones, high fiber and low fat [23,24]. There are also other compounds in soybeans namely phytosterols and saponins which can help reduce serum triglycerides [3,8,16]. Phytosterol compounds can inhibit the absorption of fat in the small intestine and reduce lipogenesis in the liver in experimental animals so it can reduce serum triglyceride levels [21].…”

“…Resistant starch regulates metabolic pathways, maintains serum sugar levels after meals thereby reducing serum triglyceride levels [5,6]. Vitexin and isovitexin play a role in reducing lipogenesis due to inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid synthesis so that it can reduce serum triglyceride levels [8,13].…”