Effects of music on employee attitude and productivity in a skateboard factory.

Newman, Richard I.; Hunt, Donald L.; Rhodes, Fen

doi:10.1037/h0024046

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…This subjective response was in agreement with the findings of several other studies (e.g., McGehee and Gardner, 1949;Newman, Hunt, and Rhodes, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Newman, Hunt, and Rhodes (1966), however, found that low task complexity and limited task experience do not assure a positive effect of music on productivity. Some researchers (e.g., Smith, 1947) have reported that music increases productivity.…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Studies have consistently reported that music improves the morale of the individuals (e.g., McGehee and Gardner, 1949;Uhrbrock, 1961;Newman, Hunt, and Rhodes 1966).…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Music on Performance in Human-Computer Interface

Tayyari

Smith

1987

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting

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The effect of music at two levels (60-65 dB and 80-85 dB), vs. no music (silent), on the performance of 40 subjects engaged in a data processing task was studied.It was found that, while the music did not disturb the overall accuracy of the task output, it increased the subjects' speed in data processing and overall productivity.The subjects showed a favorable attitude toward music being introduced at workstations.

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“…This subjective response was in agreement with the findings of several other studies (e.g., McGehee and Gardner, 1949;Newman, Hunt, and Rhodes, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Music on Performance in Human-Computer Interface

Tayyari

Smith

1987

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting

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“…This slight change of overall performance is in general agreement with most previous studies of non-contingent music which also found no substantial change in ongoing performance (Smith and Curnow, 1966;Freeburne and Fleischer, 1952;Newman, Hunt, and Rhodes, 1966; and review by Uhrbrock, 1961). The present results also indicated a slightly higher rate of motor responding during the faster rhythm for some subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A SYNCHRONIZATION EFFECT AND ITS APPLICATION TO STUTTERING BY A PORTABLE APPARATUS¹

Azrin

Jones

Flye

1968

J of App Behav Analysis

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The present study attempted to determine how a rhythmic beat affects ongoing behavior. A regular stimulus beat was presented to normal subjects who had been instructed to push a bar from side to side. Other subjects had been instructed to emit a vocal response. The individual vocal and motor responses became synchronized with the individual beats of the rhythm. The time between stimulus beats determined the modal interresponse time. These results indicate a synchronization effect: ongoing behavior tends to become synchronized with an ongoing stimulus rhythm. An attempt was made to apply these findings to the problem of stuttering, which can be considered as a disturbance of the natural rhythm of speech. Stutterers were instructed to synchronize their speech with a simple regular beat presented to them tactually by a portable apparatus. The result was a reduction of 90% or more of the stuttering for each subject during the period of synchronization. This effect endured for extended periods of spontaneous speech as well as for reading aloud and was found to be attributable to the rhythmic nature of the stimulus and not to other factors. EXPERIMENT I: CONTROL OF SIMPLEMOTOR AND VOCAL RESPONSES BY RHYTHM Rhythmic stimuli are believed to exert substantial behavioral influence, as evidenced by the extensive natural use of music. Yet, the basis of this control by music remains unexplained. One known property of music is that when music is contingent upon a response it can be a reinforcer, as shown by Barrett's (1962) punishment of tics by timeout from music and by Ayllon and Azrin's (1965Azrin's ( , 1968aAzrin's ( , 1968b Weidenfeller, 1962Weidenfeller, , 1963Ellis and Brighouse, 1952). Also, the use of music therapy for mental patients seems to be based on the assumption that music affects the general emotional state. Non-contingent music has often been reported as increasing the level of ongoing behaviors, but these reports are often conflicting (see review by Uhrbrock, 1961). Even when a complex musical sound pattern affects ongoing behavior, the question remains as to which aspect of the complex was responsible. The present study attempted a more analytic study of the effect of rhythm by investigating whether a simple regular beat influenced ongoing behavior. The procedure differed from previous studies of rhythm in that the response was a simple and discrete movement of a bar or a simple vocal response, rather than a complex behavioral sequence; similarly, the rhythmic stimulus was a fixed beat rather than a complex musical pattern. The simple nature of the response and the stimulus permitted the evaluation of any point-to-point correspondence in time between them and the eval-283 1968, 1.,283-295 NUMBER 4 (WINTER 1968)

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“…Consequently, later research which drew on, and sought to reinterpret, wartime research (e.g. Fox 1971;Fox and Embrey 1972;Newman, Hunt and Rhodes 1966) has not been discussed. Moreover, discussion of MWYW has not explored the twenty-two years after the Second World War during which the programme continued to be broadcast daily, without any major changes to its format and underlying principles.…”

Section: Conclusion: the Sonic Culture Of Music In Factoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music in factories: a twentieth-century technique for control of the productive self

Jones

2005

Social & Cultural Geography

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This paper discusses the historical use of music to produce more efficient, more committed, industrial workers. First emerging in academia early in the twentieth century, psychological interest in the industrial application of music had grown into a topic of popular interest and government investigation by the 1940s. Catalysed by the need for vast increases in production and the desire to cultivate 'citizenship' amongst industrial workers which the Second World War produced, consideration of how music could be employed as an affective soundtrack in factories-to raise employees' work rates, to increase their efficiency, to combat fatigue and boredom, to improve morale, to access and manipulate their emotions and loyalties-became a prominent area of psychological research. This paper examines that psychological research and its largest scale application in the BBC radio show Music While You Work, broadcast daily to millions of British factory workers from 1940 until 1967. The paper focuses particularly on conceptualizations of music's affective power and its utilization to exert 'emotional control' over spaces of work and the working self. This paper is centrally concerned with the practice of Music While You Work as a programme broadcasting specifically for factory spaces, and how this confronted the BBC's music policies for a national and domestic audience, impacting on the radical nature of the affective soundtrack to work which was produced.

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Effects of music on employee attitude and productivity in a skateboard factory.

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Music on Performance in Human-Computer Interface

Effect of Music on Performance in Human-Computer Interface

A SYNCHRONIZATION EFFECT AND ITS APPLICATION TO STUTTERING BY A PORTABLE APPARATUS¹

Music in factories: a twentieth-century technique for control of the productive self

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Effects of music on employee attitude and productivity in a skateboard factory.

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Music on Performance in Human-Computer Interface

Effect of Music on Performance in Human-Computer Interface

A SYNCHRONIZATION EFFECT AND ITS APPLICATION TO STUTTERING BY A PORTABLE APPARATUS1

Music in factories: a twentieth-century technique for control of the productive self

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A SYNCHRONIZATION EFFECT AND ITS APPLICATION TO STUTTERING BY A PORTABLE APPARATUS¹