Effects of naloxone distribution to likely bystanders: Results of an agent-based model

Abstract

Community-based naloxone distribution to reverse opioid overdose may significantly reduce deaths. Optimal distribution methods may include secondary distribution so that the person who picks up naloxone kits can enable others in the community to administer naloxone, as well as targeting naloxone distribution to sites where individuals at high-risk for opioid overdose death are likely to visit, such as syringe-exchange programs. This study design, which paired exploratory qualitative data with agent-based modeling, can be used in other settings seeking to implement and improve naloxone distribution programs.

Overcoming Barriers: Individual Experiences Obtaining Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder

“…Related to stigma, a previously unappreciated negative public perception about Narcan by community members was identified. Current public health recommendations suggest that opioid overdose prevention efforts should prioritize Narcan dissemination to families, friends, and individuals with OUD (Mattson et al, 2018) because of its efficacy reversing the physical effects of opioid overdose, including death (Keane et al, 2018). Despite the obvious benefits of making Narcan available, there was a perceived lack of understanding among certain members of the community, begging for targeted education to overcome negative perceptions and misunderstandings about this life-saving intervention.…”

The Role of the Social Network in Fatal Opioid Overdose Prevention: The Former Opioid User’s Perspective

“…The existing literature describes the efficacy of OEND programs among PWUO, those in treatment for opioid use disorder, and nonusers. PWUO are prioritized through naloxone distribution by harm reduction services such as syringe access programs (Clark et al, 2014;Giglio et al, 2015;Jones et al, 2017;Keane et al, 2018;Lankenau et al, 2013;Reed et al, 2019;Walley et al, 2013;Wheeler et al, 2015). Those in treatment for opioid use disorder are also willing to become trained to administer naloxone (Bagley et al, 2015;Bowman et al, 2014;Jones et al, 2017;Katzman et al, 2019;Kuehn, 2014;Lankenau et al, 2013;Tyler, 2018;Walley et al, 2013;Williams et al, 2013).…”

Age differences in emergency department utilization and repeat visits among patients with opioid use disorder at an urban safety-net hospital: A focus on young adults

“…Additionally, individuals who overdose are more likely to have another overdose, (Hall et al, 2008) and are, therefore, to be seen in the ED (Strang et al, 2010). Care in the ED is often episodic and poorly engaged with the next level of care, but because people with OUD are likely to have ED visits, the ED may represent a venue through which OUD patients could be identified and treated in order to prevent repeated overdoses (Coffin et al, 2007;Keane et al, 2018;Shumway et al, 2008;Skinner et al, 2009). And increasingly, the ED has become a recognized venue to initiate pharmacotherapies like buprenorphine for patients with OUD and to engage them in addiction treatment (D'Onofrio et al, 2017(D'Onofrio et al, , 2015.…”