Effects of nanofiller morphology and aspect ratio on the rheo-mechanical properties of polyimide nanocomposites

Abstract

Abstract. New polyimide nanocomposites containing organically modified montmorillonite (MMT), synthetic silicate (chrysotile) nanotubes (SNT), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) were prepared to investigate the influence of the nanoparticle morphology on the nanocomposite rheology and mechanical properties under selected conditions that the materials are likely to encounter during use. The efficiency of homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polyimide matrix was studied by measuring the rheology of model oligoimides (OI) dispersions containing the desired amounts of the nanoparticles. The OI/nanoparticles dispersions showed significant increase in complex viscosity with increasing concentration of the nanoparticles that depended strongly on the nanoparticle morphology and aspect ratio. Polyimide nanocomposite films (PI-PM) prepared from the poly(amic acid) of poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4′-oxydianiline) (PM) filled with the desired concentration of the nanoparticles showed an increase in tensile modulus with increasing nanoparticle concentration in the order MMT>SNT>ZrO2. In contrast to the PI-PM/MMT films, the PI-PM films filled with 10 vol% of SNT and ZrO2 showed higher sample failure strains, suggesting that the SNT and ZrO2 may be more effective in improving the ductility of the polyimide nanocomposites for applications where the relatively brittle polyimide/MMT nanocomposites films are not useable. Vol.2, No.7 (2008) [485][486][487][488][489][490][491][492][493] Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.58 composition and particle size. For example, MMT minerals from different deposits might differ considerably in composition. This variation in composition of MMT significantly complicates the task of making functional nanocomposites with prescribed properties for targeted applications. Therefore, there is a need to develop synthetic nanofillers with prescribed particle composition, shape and size for use as fillers in polymer nanocomposites with well defined properties. In this area, synthetic nano-dimensional silicates may provide a number of opportunities in polymer nanocomposites that is relatively little studied and poorly understood relative to the well studied polymer nanocomposites filled with natural layered MMTs [5][6][7][8][9]. In contrast to the commonly used layered MMT compounds, it is envisaged that use of nanoparticles with different morphology (e.g., nanotubes and nanoparticles of isometric shape) might provide additional benefits in polymer nanocomposites not possible with MMT. Suitable techniques for hydrothermal synthesis of silicate nanotubes and particles of isometric form (e.g., zirconium dioxide) that gives the possibility to control the resulting nanoparticle's structure by varying the mode of hydrothermal synthesis has been reported [7][8][9]. Polyimide (PI)-based nanocomposites are of special interest because of the well known excellent heat resistance, chemical stability, and superior electric properties of polyimides [10]. A...

Composite Films of Arabinoxylan and Fibrous Sepiolite: Morphological, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties

“…Since the dimensions of sepiolite fibers show a great variation in different reports, 17,23,44 a range of calculated values can be obtained for the percolation threshold between 0.6% and 3.5% (v/v) if a cylindrical sepiolite shape is assumed (P c = 0.7/r, where P c is the percolation threshold for cylindrical shaped particles and r is the aspect ratio calculated from the ratio of length and diameter of sepiolite fibers). 45 This calculation suggests that an added amount of sepiolite above the critical percolation threshold of approximately 2% (v/v) would result in highly increased strength and stiffness in the materials. As supported by the tensile data presented here, films containing sepiolite at loadings much above the estimated P c do not show significant further increases in tensile strength and stiffness.…”

A review of current coupling agents for modification of metal oxide nanoparticles

“…Also, the metal oxide NPs have been used as nanofiller in both polymeric nanocomposite [40,41], to improve the electric, mechanical and optical properties, and metallic nanocomposites [42,43].…”

Redistribution of Mg and Ni cations in crystal lattice of conical nanotube with chrysotile structure

“…In the last few decades, spontaneously scrolling nanotubular hydrosilicates like imogolite, halloysite, and chrysotile have garnered increased attention due to their application as polymer fillers [17][18][19] (i.e. an alternative to carbon and chalcogenide nanotubes [20,21]), sorbents and drug containers [22][23][24], catalyst materials [25][26][27][28], and materials for Li-ion energy sources [29].…”