Effects of Nanosized Metals and Metal Oxides on the Thermal Behaviors of Insensitive High Energetic Compound ICM-102

Abstract

In this paper, the composites of a newly insensitive high explosive 2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide (ICM-102) with nanosized metals (Al, Co, Mg, Si, Ti, and Zr) and nanosized metal oxides (CuO and Fe2O3) have been prepared and investigated in terms of thermal reactivity. The catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of ICM-102 composites have been investigated by TGA-DSC technique. Among all the composites, ICM-102/Co shows the minimum residue rate of 1.57 wt % and ICM-102/Si shows the maximum heat release of 1001.9 J g–1. The kinetic parameters for the catalytic decomposition of ICM-102 have been obtained. The activation energy (E a ) of ICM-102 decomposition is within 197.9–212.0 kJ mol–1. Compared with ICM-102, the E a of ICM-102/Si decomposition was decreased by about 90 kJ mol–1. The decomposition gaseous products of ICM-102 and its composites have been analyzed by the TG-MS technique. It has been shown that the main gaseous products are H2O, C2H4, C3, and C2N or C3H2. The ICM-102 decomposition undergoes intramolecular dehydration, followed by two different ring-opening chemical pathways. The decomposition products are largely dependent on the type of additives.

Novel Geminal Dinitro Esters As Energetic Plasticizers for GAP Binder

“…3 Owing to the essential energy and safety balance from EMs, the insensitive high explosives are characterized by relative low detonation energies at the moment. 4,5 For example, the detonation energy of TATB is only around 65% of that for the extensively used high explosive HMX. 5,6 On the other hand, although some other insensitive high energy density materials, such as LLM-105 and FOX-7, have been reported, it is still difficult to keep the corresponding balances between energy and safety.…”

“…4,5 For example, the detonation energy of TATB is only around 65% of that for the extensively used high explosive HMX. 5,6 On the other hand, although some other insensitive high energy density materials, such as LLM-105 and FOX-7, have been reported, it is still difficult to keep the corresponding balances between energy and safety. 7−9 As an important ingredient of explosives and solid propellants, energetic plasticizers (EPs) could enhance the final energetic performances, improve the processability, and modulate the thermal and mechanical properties as well.…”

“…1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine (HMX), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) are some presentative EMs which have been widely used and researched . Owing to the essential energy and safety balance from EMs, the insensitive high explosives are characterized by relative low detonation energies at the moment. , For example, the detonation energy of TATB is only around 65% of that for the extensively used high explosive HMX. , On the other hand, although some other insensitive high energy density materials, such as LLM-105 and FOX-7, have been reported, it is still difficult to keep the corresponding balances between energy and safety. − …”

Synthesis and Effects of Two Novel Rare-Earth Energetic Complexes on Thermal Decomposition of Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine (HMX)

“…Here, HMX is used as the main component of the NEPE solid propellant, and a large amount of HMX increases the pressure index of the propellant, so improving the thermal degradation properties of HMX will significantly improve the combustion performance of NEPE [5][6][7]. Although the combustion promoter accounts for only a small proportion of solid propellants (about 2%-5%), it can greatly improve their combustion performance [8][9][10], so studying the type and performance of combustion promoters is highly important.…”