Effects of nasal obstruction on maturation of the jaw-opening reflex in growing rats

Funaki, Yukiha; Hiranuma, Maya; Shibata, Motoshi; Kokai, Satoshi; Ono, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.013

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In previous studies, it has been reported that unilateral nasal obstruction before maturation of the respiratory function is well tolerated and affects the craniofacial complex (Otani-Saito et al, 2001), such as JOR (Funaki et al, 2014) and the contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles (Uchima Koecklin et al, 2015). Unilateral obstruction also induces atrophy of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb, associated with olfactory deprivation in rats (Meisami, 1976; Baekey et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous studies, we performed unilateral nasal obstruction in neonatal rat pups at 8 days of age, before the stabilization of SpO 2 levels (Funaki et al, 2014; Uchima Koecklin et al, 2015). The maturation of JOR was altered (Funaki et al, 2014) and the force of the tongue-protruding muscles increased (Uchima Koecklin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stimulus intensity was gradually increased at 1 mA increments, and the lowest intensity that constantly elicited a Dig EMG response was determined as the JOR threshold (T). To attain comparable responses, the test stimulation current was adjusted to 1.5-times that of that of the threshold (1.5T; Funaki et al, 2014). An intensity of 2T or lower was considered non-nociceptive stimulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to masticatory function (Hsu and Yamaguchi, 2012; Ikenaga et al, 2013), previous studies have shown that oral breathing reduces masseter muscle activity (Ferla et al, 2008), and increases suprahyoid muscle activity and hypotonia of the lips and buccinator muscle (Valera et al, 2003). In our previous electrophysiological study, we suggested that unilateral nasal obstruction during early periods of growth reduces the response properties of the jaw-opening reflex (JOR; Funaki et al, 2014), increases the contraction force of the tongue-protruding muscles, and prolongs the duration of muscle contraction (Uchima Koecklin et al, 2015). The JOR plays an important role in the regulation of jaw movement during mastication (Lund, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

et al. 2017

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Nasal obstruction can occur at different life stages. In early stages of life the respiratory system is still under development, maturing during the growth period. Previous studies have shown that nasal obstruction in neonatal rats alters craniofacial function. However, little is known about the effects of nasal obstruction that develops during later growth periods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nasal obstruction during later periods of growth on the functional characteristics of the jaw-opening reflex (JOR) and tongue-protruding muscles. In total, 102 6-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into either a control or experimental group (both n = 51). In order to determine the appropriate timing of nasal obstruction, the saturation of arterial oxygen (SpO2) was monitored at 8 days, and at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks in the control group. Rats in the experimental group underwent unilateral nasal obstruction at the age of 5 weeks. The SpO2 was monitored at 7, 9, and 11 weeks in the experimental group. The electromyographic responses of JOR and the contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles were recorded at 7, 9, and 11 weeks. In the control group, SpO2 decreased until 5 weeks of age, and remained relatively stable until 11 weeks of age. The SpO2 was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control. In the experimental group, JOR changes included a longer latency and smaller peak-to-peak amplitude, while changes in the contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles included larger twitch and tetanic forces, and a longer half-decay time. These results suggest that nasal obstruction during later growth periods may affect craniofacial function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

et al. 2017

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“…While severe hypoxia causes symptoms including cyanosis, hypoxic encephalopathy, and central nerve system damage, at present, since there is no direct life-threatening impact, there are no reports regarding how the exposure to mild hypoxia in growing children might affect the living body. Furthermore, the effect of mild respiratory disorders associated with nasal obstruction on the endocrine system and the nervous system have been reported (14,15). However, there are not any reports about the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Mild Hypoxia Associated with Oral Breathing Affects The NK Cell Ratio in The Spleen

et al. 2016

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An upper respiratory tract obstruction due to nasopharyngeal diseases such as allergic rhinitis and tonsillar hypertrophy/sinusitis in growing children inhibits normal nasal breathing and leads to oral breathing. One symptom of this phenomenon appearing in the living body is hypoxia. Typically, it is rare for hypoxia associated with an upper respiratory obstruction to become severe and cause dyspnea, and it generally causes mild hypoxia.However, there are no previous reports regarding the effect of mild hypoxia on the living body. Thus, in this study, in order to examine the effect of mild hypoxia on the entire body, alterations in the immune system of growing rats using a mild hypoxia exposed model were evaluated.Six-week-old Wistar male rats were used(n=60)and assigned to either the mild hypoxia group(18% FIO 2 )or control group. In both groups, five experimental time points, days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21, were set. After the rats were sacrificed at each time point, the spleen was The NK cell ratio of the day 1 group within the mild hypoxia group was significantly higher compared to that of the control group(P<0.05). Moreover, the NK cell ratio of the mild hypoxia groups indicated were significantly lower than those of the control groups for day 7, 14, and 21(P<0.05).The exposure to mild hypoxia in growing rats may change the NK cell ratio in the splenic lymphocytes.

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Nasal obstruction during adolescence induces memory/learning impairments associated with BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway hypofunction and high corticosterone levels

Ogawa

Okihara

Kokai

et al. 2018

J of Neuroscience Research

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The hippocampus is an important brain region involved in memory and learning. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), and phospho-p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are known to contribute to hippocampal memory/learning. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of nasal obstruction during the growth period on memory/learning in an animal model, using combined behavioral, biochemical, and histological approaches. Male BALB/C mice underwent unilateral nasal obstruction (UNO) by cauterization at 8 days of age and were subjected to Y-maze and passive avoidance tests at 15 weeks of age. The serum corticosterone levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and brain tissues were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining and histological analysis or homogenization and Western blot analysis. Compared with control mice, UNO mice had lower blood oxygen saturation levels and exhibited apparent memory/learning impairments during behavioral testing. Additionally, the UNO group had higher hippocampal BDNF levels and serum corticosterone levels, lower hippocampal TrkB and phospho-p44/p42 MAPK levels, and reduced neuron numbers relative to controls. Our findings suggest that UNO during adolescence affects the hippocampus and causes memory/learning impairments.

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Effects of nasal obstruction on maturation of the jaw-opening reflex in growing rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

Exposure to Mild Hypoxia Associated with Oral Breathing Affects The NK Cell Ratio in The Spleen

Nasal obstruction during adolescence induces memory/learning impairments associated with BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway hypofunction and high corticosterone levels

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