Effects of natural and artificial ageing on the physical and acoustic properties of wood in musical instruments

Obataya, Eiichi

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2016.02.011

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This suggests that vibrational properties are affected by chemical changes, but not to changes/degradations leading to loss of material. By applying a higher temperature, E'/d will decrease remarkably and tanδ increase with increasing WL [15] (Obataya, 2017). This could be because of the depolymerisation of hemicelluloses into water-soluble components, which has the role of a plasticizer in the cell wall [27] (Zauer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Changes In Properties After Complete Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemicelluloses is the most important component to maintain the fiberreinforced structure of wood cell wall [28] (Akerholm et Salmen, 2001) while its depolymerisation cause producing low-molecular-weight sugars which can be considered as the reason for increasing tanδ by more intense treatment [31] (Obataya et Norimoto, 1999) In the case of the mild treatments applied here, the small weight loss, together with no reduction in specific modulus (or instead an increase in R direction), suggest that are indeed some chemical modifications (clearly shown by changes in colour), but very little loss of material/degradation. The important effects on tanδ and on EMC suggest some changes in configuration of molecules [15] (Obataya, 2017).…”

Section: Changes In Properties After Complete Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study by [14] Obataya et al (2000) has indicated that the irreversible reduction in hygroscopicity was due to the chemical change of amorphous polymers but not to the recrystallization of cellulose. Obataya (2017) [15] investigated the reversibility of physical and acoustical properties of natural and artificial aging and suggested that moistening causes partially reversibility for both natural and hygrothermally treated wood, especially at an intermediate relative humidity. Also, this study indicated that mild hygrothermal treatment improves the acoustical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of mild hygrothermal treatment on the physical and vibrational properties of spruce wood

Karami

Bardet

Matsuo

et al. 2020

Composite Structures

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Spruce wood specimens were treated under mild temperatures 130°C and 150°C and different relative humidity from 0% to 25%. EMC reduced significantly for all the treatments. Weight loss (WL) increased insignificantly while the colour parameter, L*, decreased dramatically. Tanδ reduced significantly while the E/d has increased. After reconditioning, the partially reversibility has been achieved for EMC, tanδ and E/d. But, still an irreversible changes remains, which suggested being due to the chemical changes in wood polymers. While reversible changes has been resulted from the annealing of amorphous polymers. Since, the mild hygrothermal treatment applied to the specimens coincided with no significant WL, there was no obvious damage in wood structure while the irreversible changes present an improvement in vibrational properties by decrease in damping (tanδ), which could be due to the intermediate relative humidity of the treatment.

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Section: Changes In Properties After Complete Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Properties After Complete Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of mild hygrothermal treatment on the physical and vibrational properties of spruce wood

Karami

Bardet

Matsuo

et al. 2020

Composite Structures

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“…Therefore, it is urgent to seek sustainable alternative woods with similar properties. Another option is improving the function of fast-growing plantation wood using physical, chemical, and biological treatments [6][7][8][9] to match the performance of precious wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of common tropical hardwoods for fretboard of string instruments

et al. 2020

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Fretboards of string instruments are usually made of rare woods that commonly have a high density, strength, and hardness; further, they are wear resistant, uniform in texture, and feature an elegant color. To reduce the consumption of scarce timber resources, especially of endangered tropical hardwood species, suitable replacement materials should be identified. The substitute can be either common tree species having similar characteristics, or fast-growing plantation wood that has undergone modifications to match the performance of precious woods. This study compares the anatomical structure, physical features, mechanical properties, and surface color of three precious woods traditionally used in fretboards (ebony, Indian rosewood, and African blackwood) against maple, which is used for the backboard, ribs, and necks of string instruments. Based on the data, a set of performance evaluation indices for selecting alternative materials for fretboards is proposed. In specific, the replacement wood should be a diffuse-porous tropical hardwood with few vessels and a smaller diameter, thick fibrous walls, and a cell wall rate of more than 50%. In terms of physical properties, it should have low swelling coefficients for moisture and water absorption, and dimensional stability. The replacement should also display hardness values greater than 9.0 kN in the cross-section and greater than 6.0 kN in the tangential and radial sections. Further, it should have a high modulus of rupture (> 149 MPa) and elasticity (> 14.08 GPa), good impact bending strength, and good wear resistance (80-150 mg/100 r). To satisfy the traditional aesthetics, the wood surface color should be black, dark brown, or dark purple-brown, with colorimetric parameters in the range of 0.0 < L* < 30.0, 0.0 < b* < 6.0, and an a* value as small as possible. The evaluation indicators used for searching potential high-quality alternative tree species are not the same as those for replacing traditional fretboard materials using modified fast-growing plantation wood. The physical and mechanical properties and the surface color of traditional precious fretboard wood are important evaluation indicators for whether the modified fast-growing plantation wood can replace the traditional fretboard wood.

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“…One alternative to finding wood species with ideal properties is to modify the properties of local hardwoods. Acoustic properties of wood have been seen to change due to natural aging (Noguchi et al 2012), hydrothermal treatment (Endo et al 2016Obataya 2017), impregnation with wood extractives (Minato et al 2010), chemical treatment (Yano & Minato 1992), and fungi (Schwarze et al 2008). Using these methods many more wood species may be processed to be more suitable for the use in electric guitars.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anatomy and mechanical properties of woods used in electric guitars

Ahvenainen

2019

IAWA Journal

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Many endangered tropical hardwoods are commonly used in electric guitars. In order to find alternative woods, the current electric guitar woods need to be studied and classified as most research in this field has focused on acoustic instruments. Classification was done based on luthier literature, woods used in commercially available electric guitars, commercially available tonewoods and by interviewing Finnish luthiers. Here, the electric guitar woods are divided into three distinct classes based on how they are used in the guitar: low-density wood used in the body only (alder, poplar, basswood, ash), medium-density wood used in the body and neck (maple and mahogany), and high-density wood used in the fretboard only (rosewood and ebony). Together, these three classes span a wide range of anatomical and mechanical properties, but each class itself is limited to a relatively narrow parameter space. Statistically significant differences between these classes and the average hardwoods exist in the wood anatomy (size and organization of vessels, fibres, rays and axial parenchyma), in the mechanical properties (density, elastic modulus, Janka hardness, etc.) and in the average price per volume. In order to find substitute woods for a certain guitar wood class, density and elastic modulus can already be used to rule out most wood species. Based on principal component analysis of the elastomechanical and anatomical properties of commercially available hardwoods, few species are similar to the low- and high-density class woods. However, for all of the three electric guitar wood classes, non-endangered wood species are already commercially available from tonewood retailers that match the class characteristics presented here.

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Effects of natural and artificial ageing on the physical and acoustic properties of wood in musical instruments

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of mild hygrothermal treatment on the physical and vibrational properties of spruce wood

Effects of mild hygrothermal treatment on the physical and vibrational properties of spruce wood

Properties of common tropical hardwoods for fretboard of string instruments

Anatomy and mechanical properties of woods used in electric guitars

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