Effects of Natural Bioactive Products on the Growth and Ginsenoside Contents of Panax ginseng Cultured in an Aeroponic System

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of natural bioactive products such as Manda enzyme (T1), Yangmyeongwon (T2), effective microorganisms (T3), and Kelpak (T4) on the growth and ginsenoside contents of Panax ginseng cultured in an aeroponic system using a two-layer vertical type of nutrient bath under natural light conditions. The growth of ginseng plants showed specific characteristics according to the positions in which they were cultured due to the difference of light transmittance and temperature in the upper and lower layers during aeroponic culture in a two-layer vertical type of system. The growth of the aerial part of the leaves and stems of ginseng plants cultured in the lower layer (4,000 to 6,000 lx, 23℃ to 26℃) of the nutrient bath was observed to be superior to that of the ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer (12,000 to 15,000 lx, 25℃ to 28℃). The leaf area was significantly larger in the treatment of T2 and T4 (46.70 cm2) than with other treatments. Conversely, the values of the root weight and root diameter were higher in ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer of the nutrient bath. The root weight was significantly heavier in the treatment of T4 (6.46 g) and T3 (6.26 g) than with other treatments. The total ginsenoside content in the leaves and roots was highest in the ginseng plants cultured by the treatment of T1, at 16.20%, while the total ginsenoside content obtained by other treatments decreased in the order of T4, T5 (control), T2, and T3, at 13.21%, 12.30%, 14.84%, and 14.86%, respectively. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaves was found to be significantly higher in the treatment of T1 in the lower layer of the nutrient bath, at 15.30%, while the content of the ginseng roots in the treatments of T3 and T4, at 1.27% and 1.23%, respectively, was significantly higher than in other treatments in the upper layer of the nutrient bath.

Ginsenoside profiles and related gene expression during foliation in Panax ginseng Meyer

“…These data confirm that the composition of individual ginsenosides may differ depending on the cultivation system [20]. The higher content of PPT-type ginsenosides in leaves could be related to the positive correlation between light and PPT-type ginsenosides, which corresponds with the observation that high light transmission increased PPT-type ginsenosides in the leaves of ginseng plants [19].…”

Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

“…Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 57 5 of 27 significant (p < 0.0001; Figure 2). The difference between HRG80 and ginseng control was statistically nonsignificant (p = 0.94; Figure 2).…”

“…Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 57 3 of 27 subgroups (HRG80, n = 17; PGS, n = 16 and placebo, n = 17; p > 0.999 Dunn's multiple-comparison test) entered in the study. Treatment compliance assessed by a capsule count of the returned preparation comprised 100%; every participant returned 2 of 30 capsules per package, implying that they had consumed 28 capsules during 14 days of treatment (less than nine returned capsules were considered as compliant).…”

Natural Product-Based Biopesticides for Insect Control

“…At the present time, aeroponic culture provides opportunity for biomass production on a commercial scale and it is being mainly applied to the obtaining of medicinal compounds. 93,[614][615][616] As part of our ongoing studies on the sustainable production of natural biopesticides from endemic species, we have developed an aeroponic system for Persea indica. The aerial part and stems of this species are characterized by their content in insecticidal ryanodane and isoryanodane-type diterpenes.…”