Effects of Natural Borneol on Germ Tube Formation and Preformed Biofilm Activity in <i>Candida albicans</i>

Wang, Yazhou; Liu, Huiling; Zhao, Feng

doi:10.1177/1934578x221129128

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Several studies reported the antifungal effect of limonene against Candida spp., A. fumigatus, T. rubrum and several other fungi [60,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. In contrast, borneol presented a very weak activity against several fungal strains [60,[71][72][73][74]. Similarly, myrcene presents low antifungal activity [75][76][77][78][79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For C. albicans, limonene was able to inhibit germ tube formation as well as the adhesion, formation and maturation of biofilms [67]. Borneol was also able to inhibit the yeast-to-hypha transition in C. albicans and disrupts preformed biofilms [73]. Regarding the effect of minor compounds on C. albicans virulence factors, it was reported that 1,8-cineole, camphene and α-pinene were able to inhibit the dimorphic transition but had weak activity against biofilm formation and disruption [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Profile, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammaging Activities of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. Essential Oil from Portugal

et al. 2023

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Fungal infections and the accompanying inflammatory responses are associated with great morbidity and mortality due to the frequent relapses triggered by an increased resistance to antifungal agents. Furthermore, this inflammatory state can be exacerbated during inflammaging and cellular senescence. Essential oils (EO) are receiving increasing interest in the field of drug discovery due to their lipophilic nature and complex composition, making them suitable candidates in the development of new antifungal drugs and modulators of numerous molecular targets. This work chemically characterized the EO from Santolina rosmarinifolia L., collected in Setúbal (Portugal), and assessed its antifungal potential by determining its minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum lethal (MLC) concentration in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Standard Guidelines (CLSI) guidelines, as well as its effect on several Candida albicans virulence factors. The anti-inflammatory effect was unveiled using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages by assessing several pro-inflammatory mediators. The wound healing and anti-senescence potential of the EO was also disclosed. The EO was mainly characterized by β-pinene (29.6%), borneol (16.9%), myrcene (15.4%) and limonene (5.7%). It showed a strong antifungal effect against yeasts and filamentous fungi (MIC = 0.07–0.29 mg/mL). Furthermore, it inhibited dimorphic transition (MIC/16), decreased biofilm formation with a preeminent effect after 24 h (MIC/2) and disrupted preformed biofilms in C. albicans. Additionally, the EO decreased nitric oxide (NO) release (IC50 = 0.52 mg/mL) and pro-IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages, promoted wound healing (91% vs. 81% closed wound) and reduced cellular senescence (53% vs. 73% β-galactosidase-positive cells). Overall, this study highlights the relevant pharmacological properties of S. rosmarinifolia, opening new avenues for its industrial exploitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profile, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammaging Activities of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. Essential Oil from Portugal

et al. 2023

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“…Borneol addition at 20% w/w (20BZCN) increased the clear zone of the formulation especially against Candida species but not against E. coli. Antifungal activity of borneol has been reported against planktonic C. albicans cells as well as its inhibition on preformed biofilms [70]. Vancomycin HCl-incorporated borneol-based in situ forming matrices have been reported for their proficiently inhibited various microbes and designed for periodontitis treatment [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clotrimazole-Loaded Borneol-Based In Situ Forming Gel as Oral Sprays for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Therapy

Lertsuphotvanit

Tuntarawongsa

Jitrangsri

et al. 2023

Gels

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Oral candidiasis encompasses fungal infections of the tongue and other oral mucosal sites with fungal overgrowth and its invasion of superficial oral tissues. Borneol was assessed in this research as the matrix-forming agent of clotrimazole-loaded in situ forming gel (ISG) comprising clove oil as the co-active agent and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. Their physicochemical properties, including pH, density, viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, water tolerance, gel formation, and drug release/permeation, were determined. Their antimicrobial activities were tested using agar cup diffusion. The pH values of clotrimazole-loaded borneol-based ISGs were in the range of 5.59–6.61, which are close to the pH of 6.8 of saliva. Increasing the borneol content in the formulation slightly decreased the density, surface tension, water tolerance, and spray angle but increased the viscosity and gel formation. The borneol matrix formation from NMP removal promoted a significantly (p < 0.05) higher contact angle of the borneol-loaded ISGs on agarose gel and porcine buccal mucosa than those of all borneol-free solutions. Clotrimazole-loaded ISG containing 40% borneol demonstrated appropriate physicochemical properties and rapid gel formation at microscopic and macroscopic levels. In addition, it prolonged drug release with a maximum flux of 370 µg·cm−2 at 2 days. The borneol matrix generated from this ISG obsentively controlled the drug penetration through the porcine buccal membrane. Most clotrimazole amounts still remained in formulation at the donor part and then the buccal membrane and receiving medium, repectively. Therefore, the borneol matrix extended the drug release and penetration through the buccal membrane efficiently. Some accumulated clotrimazole in tissue should exhibit its potential antifugal activity against microbes invading the host tissue. The other predominant drug release into the saliva of the oral cavity should influence the pathogen of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Clotrimazole-loaded ISG demonstrated efficacious inhibition of growth against S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. Lusitaniae, and C. tropicalis. Consequently, the clotrimazole-loaded ISG exhibited great potential as a drug delivery system for oropharyngeal candidiasis treatment by localized spraying.

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“…In this milieu, the synergistic fungicidal activity of CTAC was investigated in combination with certain phytochemicals against C. albicans. The phytocompounds investigated, viz., thymol [53], citral [54], coumarin [22], eugenol [55], and borneol [56], were selected by considering the available literature pertaining to their activity against Candida species. First, the MICs of the investigated phytocompounds (thymol, citral, coumarin, eugenol, and borneol) were found to be 128, 128, 1024, 256, and 512 µg/mL, respectively.…”

Section: Ctac Exhibits Antifungal Synergism With Citral and Thymolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Cell Membrane Permeability by Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride Induces Cell Death in Clinically Important Candida Species

Jothi

Sangavi

Veerapandian

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The increased incidence of healthcare-related Candida infection has necessitated the use of effective disinfectants/antiseptics in healthcare settings as a preventive measure to decontaminate the hospital environment and stop the persistent colonization of the offending pathogens. Quanternary ammonium surfactants (QASs), with their promising antimicrobial efficacy, are considered as intriguing and appealing candidates for disinfectants. From this perspective, the present study investigated the antifungal efficacy and action mechanism of the QAS cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) against three clinically important Candida species: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. CTAC exhibited phenomenal antifungal activity against all tested Candida spp., with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) between 2 and 8 µg/mL. The time–kill kinetics of CTAC (at 2XMIC) demonstrated that an exposure time of 2 h was required to kill 99.9% of the inoculums in all tested strains. An important observation was that CTAC treatment did not influence intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), signifying that its phenomenal anticandidal efficacy was not mediated via oxidative stress. In addition, sorbitol supplementation increased CTAC’s MIC values against all tested Candida strains by three times (8–32 μg/mL), indicating that CTAC’s possible antifungal activity involves fungus cell membrane destruction. Interestingly, the increased fluorescence intensity of CTAC-treated cells in both propidium iodide (PI) and DAPI staining assays indicated the impairment of cell plasma membrane and nuclear membrane integrity by CTAC, respectively. Additionally, CTAC at MIC and 2XMIC was sufficient (>80%) to disrupt the mature biofilms of all tested spp., and it inhibited the yeast-to-hyphae transition at sub-MIC in C. albicans. Finally, the non-hemolytic activity of CTAC (upto 32 µg/mL) in human blood cells and HBECs signified its non-toxic nature at the investigated concentrations. Furthermore, thymol and citral, two phytocompounds, together with CTAC, showed synergistic fungicidal effectiveness against C. albicans planktonic cells. Altogether, the data of the present study appreciably broaden our understanding of the antifungal action mechanism of CTAC and support its future translation as a potential disinfectant against Candida-associated healthcare infections.

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Effects of Natural Borneol on Germ Tube Formation and Preformed Biofilm Activity in Candida albicans

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Chemical Profile, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammaging Activities of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. Essential Oil from Portugal

Chemical Profile, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammaging Activities of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. Essential Oil from Portugal

Clotrimazole-Loaded Borneol-Based In Situ Forming Gel as Oral Sprays for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Therapy

Alteration of Cell Membrane Permeability by Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride Induces Cell Death in Clinically Important Candida Species

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