Effects of natural disturbances and salvage logging on biodiversity – Lessons from the Bohemian Forest

Thorn, Simon; Bässler, Claus; Svoboda, Miroslav; Müller, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.006

Cited by 110 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Forest stands in the Bavarian Forest National Park have been affected by two severe outbreaks of I. typographus during the last 20 years (M€ uller et al, 2008). Due to a benignneglect strategy, these outbreaks led to increased structural heterogeneity and a mosaic of stands killed by I. typographus and vital stands nearby (Beudert et al, 2015;Thorn et al, 2016). Within this mosaic of killed and vital stands, we established 119 sampling points for acoustic surveys and seven locations for mist netting (Fig.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest

Kortmann

Hurst

Brinkmann

et al. 2017

Animal Conservation

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The consequences of different management strategies following natural disturbances are a matter of global concern. In former production forests around the Northern Hemisphere, the abandonment of intervention, such as removal of dead wood, after outbreaks of bark beetles has been increasingly promoted to regain more natural conditions. However, many focal species of conservation, such as the barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus, do not primarily depend on dead wood but might respond indirectly to disturbance-induced changes of forest structural attributes. We investigated the response of B. barbastellus foraging activity and roost selection by combining acoustic surveys, radio telemetry, and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to characterize B. barbastellus habitat use on different scales. B. barbastellus foraging activity increased with increasing canopy opening. Maternity colonies were recorded exclusively in trees killed by bark beetles. Bats preferred roost trees with a higher volume (m 3 ha À1 ) of live trees in the surrounding, and trees with on average larger diameters than nearby control trees. Our results revealed that outbreaks of bark beetles result in forest structural attributes that are suitable habitat for B. barbastellus. Salvage logging, i.e., the removal of beetleaffected trees, generally deteriorates the positive effects of bark-beetle outbreaks on the foraging and roosting habitat of B. barbastellus. We recommend maintaining snags of large diameter if salvage logging is mandatory.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest

Kortmann

Hurst

Brinkmann

et al. 2017

Animal Conservation

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“…Conversely, many studies aimed to assess ‘Human influence on biodiversity & landscapes' ( n = 71; 17.6%), depicting an overall negative effect of human activities on biodiversity, both inside and outside PAs (Figure c). The intensification of land use, the fragmentation of natural landscapes through the expansion of infrastructure, as well as logging and deforestation activities were found to be particularly detrimental to biodiversity (e.g., Armenteras, Rodríguez, & Retana, ; Botha, Witkowski, & Shackleton, ; Dallimer & King, ; Thorn, Bässler, Svoboda, & Müller, ). In contrast, the influence of agropastoral activities on biodiversity was found to be more variable according to the context and systems considered (e.g., Leigh, Smart, & Gill, ; Mworia, Kinyamario, & Githaiga, ; Petracca et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface processes between protected and unprotected areas: A global review and ways forward

Blanco

Bellón

Fabricius

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Land‐use changes and the expansion of protected areas (PAs) have amplified the interaction between protected and unprotected areas worldwide. In this context, ‘interface processes' (human–nature and cross‐boundary interactions inside and around PAs) have become central to issues around the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. This scientific literature review aimed to explore current knowledge and research gaps on interface processes regarding terrestrial PAs. At first, 3,515 references related to the topic were extracted through a standardized search on the Web of Science and analyzed with scientometric techniques. Next, a full‐text analysis was conducted on a sample of 240 research papers. A keyword analysis revealed a wide diversity of research topics, from ‘pure' ecology to sociopolitical research. We found a bias in the geographical distribution of research, with half the papers focusing on eight countries. Additionally, we found that the spatial extent of cross‐boundary interactions was rarely assessed, preventing any clear delimitation of PA interactive zones. In the 240 research papers we scanned, we identified 403 processes that were studied. The ecological effects of PAs were well documented and appeared to be positive overall. In contrast, the effects of PAs on local communities were understudied and, according to the literature focusing on these, were very variable according to local contexts. Our findings highlight key research advances on interface processes, especially regarding the ecological outcomes of PAs, the influence of human activities on biodiversity, and PA governance issues. In contrast, main knowledge gaps concern the spatial extent of interactive zones, as well as the interactions between local people and conservation actions and how to promote synergies between them. While the review was limited to terrestrial PAs, its findings allow us to propose research priorities for tackling environmental and socioeconomic challenges in the face of a rapidly changing world.

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“…In particular, disturbed forests are characterised by the types, abundances, and spatial distribution of biological legacies (Franklin et al, ). Elements such as downed and standing deadwood that play key ecological roles (Hutto, ; Lindenmayer & Possingham, ; Marañón‐Jiménez & Castro, ; Thorn, Bässler, Svoboda, & Müller, ; Wagenbrenner, MacDonald, Coats, Robichaud, & Brown, ), soft disturbance edges that constitute appropriate habitat for many species (Hanson & Stuart, ), and the temporal dynamics that affect these elements, define such ecosystems and set the scene for post‐disturbance regeneration. Salvage logging changes the amount, characteristics and spatial arrangement of most biological legacies (Lindenmayer & Ough, ), and it eliminates much of the spatial heterogeneity produced by a given natural disturbance (Noss, Franklin, Baker, Schoennagel, & Moyle, ).…”

Section: Salvage Logging and Interaction Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Windthrow events leave a landscape characterised by weakened trees that may constitute the breeding ground for pest insects that can also invade neighbouring forest (Schroeder, ; Stadelmann, Bugmann, Meier, Wermelinger, & Bigler, ). Such interaction chains between natural disturbances are widely recognised and feared, and their avoidance constitutes a major motivation for salvage logging (Fraver et al, ; Thorn et al, ; Müller et al, ). For example, Swedish legislation obliges salvage logging after storms to leave a maximum of 5m 3 ha −1 of deadwood to prevent bark beetle outbreaks (Swedish Forest Agency, ).…”

Section: Salvage Logging and Interaction Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvage logging in the world’s forests: Interactions between natural disturbance and logging need recognition

Leverkus

Lindenmayer

Thorn

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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109

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Aim Large disturbances increasingly shape the world's forests. Concomitantly, increasing amounts of forest are subject to salvage logging. Understanding and managing the world's forests thus increasingly hinges upon understanding the combined effects of natural disturbance and logging disturbance, including interactions so far unnoticed. Here, we use recent advances in disturbance‐interaction theory to disentangle and describe the mechanisms through which natural disturbance (e.g., wildfire, insect outbreak or windstorm) can interact with anthropogenic disturbance (logging) to produce unanticipated effects. We also explore to what extent such interactions have been addressed in empirical research globally. Insights First, many ecological responses to salvage logging likely result from interaction modifications—i.e., from non‐additive effects– between natural disturbance and logging. However, based on a systematic review encompassing 209 relevant papers, we found that interaction modifications have been largely neglected. Second, salvage logging constitutes an interaction chain because natural disturbances increase the likelihood, intensity and extent of subsequent logging disturbance due to complex socio‐ecological interactions. Both interaction modifications and interaction chains can be driven by nonlinear responses to the severity of each disturbance. We show that, whereas many of the effects of salvage logging likely arise from the multiple kinds of disturbance interactions between natural disturbance and logging, they have mostly been overlooked in research to date. Conclusions Interactions between natural disturbance and logging imply that increasing disturbances will produce even more disturbance, and with unknown characteristics and consequences. Disentangling the pathways producing disturbance interactions is thus crucial to guide management and policy regarding naturally disturbed forests.

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Effects of natural disturbances and salvage logging on biodiversity – Lessons from the Bohemian Forest

Cited by 110 publications

References 50 publications

Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest

Beauty and the beast: how a bat utilizes forests shaped by outbreaks of an insect pest

Interface processes between protected and unprotected areas: A global review and ways forward

Salvage logging in the world’s forests: Interactions between natural disturbance and logging need recognition

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