Effects of near ultraviolet radiation on the lens and retina

Zigman, Seymour

doi:10.1007/bf00161292

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Depletion of GSH in early postnatal mice causes cell damage to epithelial and fiber cells (70,89), an effect that can be prevented by pretreatment with glutathione ester (89). Mixed protein-thiol and protein-protein disulfide bonds have been reported in lens proteins (23,82,83,181). Because the formation of disulfide bonds precedes the characteristic morphological changes of cataracts, it has been proposed BERTHOUD AND BEYER 340…”

Section: Contribution Of Oxidative Stress To Cataract Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress, Lens Gap Junctions, and Cataracts

Berthoud

Beyer

2009

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

217

141

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The eye lens is constantly subjected to oxidative stress from radiation and other sources. The lens has several mechanisms to protect its components from oxidative stress and to maintain its redox state, including enzymatic pathways and high concentrations of ascorbate and reduced glutathione. With aging, accumulation of oxidized lens components and decreased efficiency of repair mechanisms can contribute to the development of lens opacities or cataracts. Maintenance of transparency and homeostasis of the avascular lens depend on an extensive network of gap junctions. Communication through gap junction channels allows intercellular passage of molecules (up to 1 kDa) including antioxidants. Lens gap junctions and their constituent proteins, connexins (Cx43, Cx46, and Cx50), are also subject to the effects of oxidative stress. These observations suggest that oxidative stress-induced damage to connexins (and consequent altered intercellular communication) may contribute to cataract formation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 339-353. 339The Eye Lens

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Section: Contribution Of Oxidative Stress To Cataract Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress, Lens Gap Junctions, and Cataracts

Berthoud

Beyer

2009

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

217

141

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“…It has long been recognised that UV sensitivity comes at a cost because in many animals, high-energy solar UV has the potential to damage the ocular tissues of the eyes (Zigman, 1983;Berghahn et al, 1993;Williamson and Rose, 2010), including the retina (Paul and Gwynn-Jones, 2003). It seems obvious then that an animal that is habitually exposed to high levels of UV would benefit from a UVblocking filter that prevents these wavelengths from reaching the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which reaches Earth's surface at wavelengths between 290 and 400 nm, being known to damage animal DNA and tissues, including retinas (Zigman, 1983;Berghahn et al, 1993;Mason et al, 1998;Williamson and Rose, 2010), UV vision is known to be widespread in animals (Goldsmith, 1994;Tovée, 1995;Briscoe and Chittka, 2001;Hunt et al, 2001). One requirement for UV vision is a retina that contains photoreceptors that are sensitive to UV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectral transmission of non-salticid spider corneas

Chen

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Although many salticid spiders have been shown to have corneas that transmit ultraviolet (UV) light, whether the corneas of non-salticid spiders transmit UV has not been previously investigated. In this study, we determined the spectral corneal transmission properties of 38 species belonging to 13 non-salticid families. We used these data to estimate the T 50 transmission cut-off value, the wavelength corresponding to 50% maximal transmission for each species. The corneas of almost all species from the families Deinopidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Pisauridae, Sparassidae and Thomisidae, all of which have been reported to rely to a substantial extent on vision, transmitted short wavelength light below 400 nm, ranging from 306 to 381 nm. However, species from the families Atypidae and Ctenizidae are not known to rely substantially on vision, and the corneas of these species tended to absorb light of wavelengths below 380 nm, which may not allow UV sensitivity in these spiders. Liphistiidae, the family widely regarded as most basal among spiders, is of particular interest. The species in this family are not known to make substantial use of vision, and yet we found that liphistiid corneas transmitted UV light with a low T 50 value (359 nm). T 50 values of non-salticid spider corneas also varied with light habitat. Species living in dim environments tended to have UV-opaque corneas, but species inhabiting open areas had UV-transmitting corneas. However, there was no evidence of corneal transmission properties being related to whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal.

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“…E pidemiological studies (Taylor 1990;Cruickshanks et al 1992) and experimental studies in mice (Jose & Pitts 1985), rats (Sö derberg 1990a; Breadsell et al 1994;Michael 1997), rabbits (Pitts et al 1977), squirrels (Zigman et al 1991) and trout (Cullen & Monteith-McMaster 1993) show a relationship between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and subsequent lens opacities. In rare cases, human cataract has been correlated with accidental UVR exposure (Lerman 1980;Mü ller-Breitenkamp et al 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lens opacities after repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Michael¹,

Löfgren²,

Söderberg³

1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate the effect of the interval between two, near-threshold exposures to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on cataract development. Methods: One eye of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed twice to 4 kJ/m 2 narrow band UVR (l MAX Ω300 nm) for 15 min each. The interval between exposures was 0, 6, 24 or 48 h. One week after the first exposure both lenses were removed for photography and measurement of the intensity of forward light scattering to quantify lens opacities. Results: All exposed lenses developed cataract. Forward light scattering was the same after double exposure with no interval or a 6 h interval. Forward light scattering after a 24 or 48 h interval was nearly twofold greater than that following no interval or a 6 h interval. The exposed lenses in all groups had mild anterior surface opacities and intense equatorial opacities as judged with a stereomicroscope. Conclusion: Two, near-threshold UVR exposures at 0 or a 6 h interval produce the same degree of lens opacification. When the second exposure follows 24 or 48 h after the first, lenticular damage increases. Repair processes between 24 and 48 h after exposure appear to be sensitive to UVR, and an additional exposure during this time may aggravate cataract development.

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Effects of near ultraviolet radiation on the lens and retina

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Oxidative Stress, Lens Gap Junctions, and Cataracts

Oxidative Stress, Lens Gap Junctions, and Cataracts

The spectral transmission of non-salticid spider corneas

Lens opacities after repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation

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