Effects of niacin supplementation (40 weeks) and two dietary levels of concentrate on performance, blood and fatty acid profiles of dairy cattle

Rauls, C.; Meyer, Ulrich; Hüther, Liane; Soosten, Dirk von; Kinoshita, Asako; Rehage, J.; Breves, Gerhard; Dänicke, Sven

doi:10.4314/sajas.v45i4.6

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A positive relationship between C and milk yield would have been expected due to the additionally provided energy in the diet as had been proved in previous studies [12,26,40]. BCS had no influence on milk yield either.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements

Bünemann

Soosten

Frahm

et al. 2019

Animals

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The aim of this study was to evaluate energy metabolism and lipid mobilization via ultrasonic measurements (USM), considering inner fat depots, in lactating dairy cows differing in body condition score (BCS) and fed rations with low (35% at dry matter basis; C35) or high (60% at dry matter basis; C60) concentrate feed proportions postpartum. Sixty pluriparous German Holstein cows were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design from d 42 antepartum (relative to calculated calving) until d 120 postpartum. Animals were divided into a group with a lower (initial BCS = 3.1 ± 0.38 SD; BCSL) and a group with a higher (initial BCS = 3.83 ± 0.41 SD; BCSH) BCS. Due to higher dry matter intake C60 groups reached the positive energy balance earlier, whereas C35 groups had a more pronounced negative energy balance. Although this would suggest a more pronounced mobilization of C35 groups the USM revealed no differences between feeding groups. Differences in BCS between both BCS groups remained almost the same over the trial. This was not reflected in ultrasonic data, as lipid mobilization was higher in higher conditioned cows. These findings demonstrate the extended possibilities of USM to depict metabolic processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements

Bünemann

Soosten

Frahm

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Milk yield and body weight after milking were recorded automatically (Lemmer Fullwood GmbH, Lohmer, Germany) daily. The actual intake of NA was 1.0 ± 0.0, 2.8 ± 0.03, 20.5 ± 0.2, and 21.0 ± 0.3 g/d for CON-LC, CON-HC, NA-LC, and NA-HC, respectively [ 9 ]. Nutrient, energy and fiber contents of the silages and concentrate as well as the composition of the diet fed to each experimental group post partum are presented as supporting information ( S1 Table ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a trial was conducted to assess—besides anti-lipolytic action—potential effects of NA on hepatic and adipose insulin signaling and glucose transporter expression. Primiparous and pluriparous cows were fed diets with two different concentrate proportions with or without NA supplementation over the entire lactation period [ 9 ]. Of these, a subset of cows that were randomly selected and were used for the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Signaling in Liver and Adipose Tissues in Periparturient Dairy Cows Supplemented with Dietary Nicotinic Acid

Kinoshita

Kenéz

Locher³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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The glucose homeostasis in dairy cattle is very well controlled, in line with the metabolic adaptation during the periparturient period. Former studies showed that nicotinic acid (NA) lowered plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations and increased insulin sensitivity in dairy cows. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the expression of proteins involved in hepatic and adipose insulin signaling and protein expression of hepatic glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were affected by dietary NA and dietary concentrate intake in periparturient dairy cows. Twenty pluriparous German Holstein cows were fed with the same diet from about 21 days before the expected calving date (d-21) to calving. After calving, cows were randomly assigned in 4 groups and fed with diets different in concentrate proportion (“HC” with 60:40% or “LC” with 30:70% concentrate-to-roughage ratio) and supplemented with NA (24 g/day) (NA) or without (CON) until d21. Biopsy samples were taken from the liver, subcutaneous (SCAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissues at d-21 and d21. Protein expression of insulin signaling molecules (insulin receptor (INSR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ)) and hepatic GLUT2 was measured by Western Blotting. The ratio of protein expression at d21/at d-21 was calculated and statistically evaluated for the effects of time and diet. Cows in HC had significantly higher dietary energy intake than cows in LC. In RPAT a decrease in PI3K and PKCζ expression was found in all groups, irrespectively of diet. In the liver, the GLUT2 expression was significantly lower in cows in NA compared with cows in CON. In conclusion, insulin signaling might be decreased in RPAT over time without any effect of diet. NA was able to modulate hepatic GLUT2 expression, but its physiological role is unclear.

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“…We had, therefore, administered additional vitamin B‐complex and choline along with glycerol and anti‐oxidants in anticipation that their supplementation would result in better tissue utilization of glucose and drop in blood glucose and cortisol concentration. More recently it has been found that niacin administration to cows during the post‐partum period significantly reduced blood glucose level, decreased lipolysis in adipose tissue and concentration of circulating non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and increase milk production (Rauls et al, 2015). Other studies have found that supplementation of cows at post‐partum period with additional B‐ complex vitamins with choline significantly increased the fat % and protein % in milk (Evans et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lowering blood cortisol level along with progesterone priming on intensifying the secondary symptoms of oestrus in Murrah buffaloes during the hot summer months

Sengupta¹,

Kumar²

2022

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The present study sought to intensify oestrus symptoms in heat‐stressed pre‐pubertal Murrah buffalo heifers. The first experiment aimed at lowering the blood cortisol level. Twenty pre‐pubertal buffalo heifers approximately 36–40 months of age were randomly allocated to four groups of five buffaloes. Group Gly received 100 ml glycerol orally for 8 days (day 0 is the start of treatments), group Gly‐E received intra‐muscular injections of 500 mg tocopherol (vitamin E activity) and 150 mg sodium selenite on alternate days (four treatments) in addition to treatments received by group Gly, group Gly‐E + B‐Ch received intra‐muscular injections of vitamin B‐complex and choline daily for 8 days in addition to the treatments received by group Gly‐E. The control group Co‐1 did not received any treatments. Blood cortisol and glucose level was measured on day 7 post‐treatment. The second experiment sought to test the effect of lowering the blood cortisol level and progesterone priming on the intensity of oestrus symptoms in heat‐stressed pre‐pubertal buffalo heifers. Eighty buffaloes were allocated into four groups of twenty buffaloes. P4 group received intra‐vaginal progesterone CIDR for 5 days (day 0 is the day of start of treatment). Gly‐E group received the same treatment as in the first experiment for 7 days (day 0–6) and P4 + Gly‐E received the combination of P4 and Gly‐E groups. The control group Co‐2 did not receive any treatments; however, on day 6, all groups received intra‐muscular injection of 2 mg estradiol benzoate. The buffaloes were graded for oestrus symptoms on the basis of mucus discharge (A‐scanty and B‐copious), vulvar redness (slightly pink and moist‐A and deep red and moist‐B), ferning (nil or poor‐A and good with arborization‐B) and cellularity of cervical mucus (Type A goblet cells with round nucleus and abundant cytoplasm and Type B goblet cells with cylindrical nucleus and scanty cytoplasm). The blood glucose level (mean ± SEM) of Gly group on day 7 of treatment in experiment 1 was 58.3 ± 0.4 mg/dl that was significantly greater than Co‐1 (52.4 ± 0.4 mg/dl), Gly‐E (53.5 ± 0.8 mg/dl) and Gly‐E + B‐Ch (52.7 ± 0.6 mg/dl) groups; however, the difference was found to be non‐significant among Co‐1, Gly‐E and Gly‐E + B‐Ch groups. The cortisol level (mean ± SEM) on day 7 in groups Gly (11.4 ± 0.6 ng/ml), Gly‐E (8.1 ± 0.5 ng/ml) and Gly‐E + B‐Ch (7.5 ± 0.4 ng/ml) was significantly lower than groups Co‐1 (15.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml), though the difference between groups Gly‐E and Gly‐E + B‐Ch was non‐significant and the level in group Gly‐E significantly lower than Gly. Thus, the combination of vitamin E and selenium along with glycerol had the best effect in the reduction of blood cortisol level in heat‐stressed buffaloes. In the second experiment the blood estradiol level on day 7 in all groups was around 40 pg/ml. Cortisol reduction (group Gly‐E) improved oestrus symptoms (mucus discharge and ferning) compared to control, but when compared to group P4 showed non‐significant difference with respect to mucus...

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Effects of niacin supplementation (40 weeks) and two dietary levels of concentrate on performance, blood and fatty acid profiles of dairy cattle

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements

Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements

Insulin Signaling in Liver and Adipose Tissues in Periparturient Dairy Cows Supplemented with Dietary Nicotinic Acid

Effect of lowering blood cortisol level along with progesterone priming on intensifying the secondary symptoms of oestrus in Murrah buffaloes during the hot summer months

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