Effects of niobium donor doping on the phase structures and magnetic properties of Fe-doped BaTiO3 ceramics

Phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Mn substituted barium titanate

“…Multiferroics are the class of materials that exhibit more than one type of ferroic order parameters such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Effect of equiproprotional substitution of Zn and Mn in BaTiO3 ceramic—An index to multiferroic applications

“…This may be attributed to the formation of hexagonal phase. Since the hexagonal phase of BTO is not ferroelectric [9], the formation of the hexagonal phase weakens the ferroelectricity of BaTiO 3 to a large extent [9]. The stability of the ferroelectric phase can be determined by structural transition with additional factors like incorporation of foreign atoms [23].…”

“…x=0.04, the structural transition to hexagonal phase takes place. On the other hand, the transformation from tetragonal phase to hexagonal one is also related to the concentration of equilibrium oxygen deficiency [9] or Jahn-Teller effect [7] induced by accepter dopants. Ba 1x Zn x Ti 1x Mn x O 3 ceramics with a low-level of Mn concentration do not have much enough oxygen vacancies for the full transition from tetragonal phase to hexagonal one.…”

“…The properties of BTO change drastically with the type and concentration of metal ions substituted in the lattice and dependent on the processing conditions [7][8][9][10]. The transition metal ions in BTO ceramics are of special interest as they can induce magnetism in BTO [8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…The transition metal ions in BTO ceramics are of special interest as they can induce magnetism in BTO [8][9][10][11][12]. Dang et al [1] showed that room temperature ferromagnetic order exists in BaTi 1x Fe x O 3 .…”