Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Mass: A Systematic Review

Anderson, Olivia K.; Martínez‐Ferrán, María; Calvo, Jorge Lorenzo; Jiménez, Sol Beatriz; Pareja‐Galeano, Helios

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004101

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial study in order to evaluate the potential effects of the combination 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO 3 − ) on sports performance during 9 weeks via several tests: HJUMP, DYN, 1-MAT and the Cooper test. The doses and supplementation time proposed for this study were based on studies that had found favourable results with similar doses [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, these two supplements (CIT and BR) have been extensively studied individually, showing improvements when supplemented acutely (30–60 min before exercise) or in the short-term (7 days to 4 weeks) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. However, a possible combination of both for long-term (9 weeks), could further improve performance than either CIT or BR separately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Effects of Citrulline Plus Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Co-Supplementation on Maximal and Endurance-Strength and Aerobic Power in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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Citrulline (CIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot extract (BR) are ergogenic aids and nitric oxide (NO) precursors. In addition, both supplements seem to have other actions at the level of muscle metabolism that can benefit strength and aerobic power performance. Both supplements have been studied in numerous investigations in isolation. However, scientific evidence combining both supplements is scarce, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no current study of endurance athletes. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 9 weeks of CIT plus BR supplementation on maximal and endurance-strength performance and aerobic power in male triathletes. This study was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial where participants (n = 32) were randomized into four different groups: placebo group (PLG; n = 8), CIT plus BR group (CIT- BRG; 3 g/kg/day of CIT plus 3 mg/kg/day of nitrates (NO3−); n = 8), CIT group (CITG; 3 g/kg/day; n = 8) and BR group (BRG; 3 mg/kg/day of NO3−; n = 8). Before (T1) and after 9 weeks (T2), four physical condition tests were carried out in order to assess sport performance: the horizontal jump test (HJUMP), handgrip dynamometer test, 1-min abdominal tests (1-MAT) and finally, the Cooper test. Although, no significant interactions (time × supplementation groups) were found for the strength tests (p > 0.05), the CIT- BRG supplementation presented a trend on HJUMP and 1-MAT tests confirmed by significant increase between two study moments in CIT-BRG. Likewise, CIT-BRG presented significant interactions in the aerobic power test confirmed by this group’s improve estimated VO2max during the study with respect to the other study groups (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.418). In summary, supplementing with 3 g/day of CIT and 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−) for 9 weeks could increase maximal and endurance strength. Furthermore, when compared to CIT or BR supplementation alone, this combination improved performance in tests related to aerobic power.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Citrulline Plus Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Co-Supplementation on Maximal and Endurance-Strength and Aerobic Power in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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“…This study was planned as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the impact of a 9-week oral supplementation of the combination of CIT plus BR on recovery status by distance-covered performance test, EIMD markers and anabolic/catabolic hormones in this sport population. The proposed doses of CIT (3 g/day) and BR supplements were based on previous scientific studies that found favorable results with similar doses [ 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Combined Effects of Citrulline and Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Supplementation on Recovery Status in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Burgos

Viribay

Calleja-González

et al. 2022

Biology

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Citrulline (CIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot extract (BR) are widely studied ergogenic aids. Nevertheless, both supplements have been studied in short-term trials and separately. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effects of combining CIT and BR supplementation on recovery status observed by distance covered in the Cooper test, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and anabolic/catabolic hormone status have not been investigated to date. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to assess the effect of the long-term (9 weeks) mixture of 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of nitrates (NO3−)) supplementation on recovery by distance covered in the Cooper test, EIMD markers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK) and anabolic/catabolic hormones (testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C)) in male trained triathletes. Thirty-two triathletes were randomized into four different groups of eight triathletes in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: placebo group (PLG), CIT group (CITG; 3 g/day of CIT), BR group (BRG; 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−)) and CIT-BR group (CIT-BRG; 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−)). Distance covered in the Cooper test and blood samples were collected from all participants at baseline (T1) and after 9 weeks of supplementation (T2). There were no significant differences in the interaction between group and time in EIMD markers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK) (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed in the group-by-time interaction in distance covered in the Cooper test (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.418), cortisol (p = 0.044; η2p = 0.247) and T/C (p = 0.005; η²p = 0.359). Concretely, significant differences were observed in distance covered in the Cooper test percentage of change (p = 0.002; η²p = 0.418) between CIT-BRG and PLG and CITG, in cortisol percentage change (p = 0.049; η2p = 0.257) and in T/C percentage change (p = 0.018; η2p = 0.297) between CIT-BRG and PLG. In conclusion, the combination of 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−) supplementation for 9 weeks did not present any benefit for EIMD. However, CIT + BR improved recovery status by preventing an increase in cortisol and showing an increase in distance covered in the Cooper test and T/C.

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“…Yet, the meta-analysis by Wong et al [30] revealed no changes in power during high-intensity interval training. Additionally, look at more recent review and meta-analysis papers on nitrate supplementation [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-Term Sodium Nitrate versus Sodium Chloride Supplementation on Energy and Lipid Metabolism during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Athletes

et al. 2023

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The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of chronic nitrate supplementation on the metabolites of energy metabolism during high-intensity, high-volume intermittent training (HIHVT). In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 17 participants exercised 3 times a week on a cycle ergometer. Sodium nitrate or sodium chloride as the placebo was supplemented daily at 8.5 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The training exercise consisted of a warm-up, a 45-min interval period, and a post-exercise period. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and various parameters were measured in the venous blood and plasma. During training, the oxygen uptake and respiratory exchange ratio did not differ between the nitrate and the placebo group. Venous plasma concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were significantly increased in the nitrate group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the nitrate group than in the placebo group (p = 0.010). The concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma did not change upon nitrate supplementation and no significant differences were observed in the contribution of fat to energy metabolism during exercise. An increase in plasma ammonia concentration was observed in the nitrate group during and after exercise (p = 0.048). Metabolites of energy-rich phosphates did not differ between the nitrate and chloride groups, suggesting no improvement in efficiency through the supplemented nitrate. It was concluded that nitrate supplementation did not reduce oxygen uptake and adenosine triphosphate resynthesis by hydrolysis or through creatine kinase activity during high-intensity, high-volume intermittent exercise. Although, lipid metabolism as well as amino acid metabolism might be affected by nitrate supplementation during HIHVT.

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Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Mass: A Systematic Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Combined Effects of Citrulline Plus Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Co-Supplementation on Maximal and Endurance-Strength and Aerobic Power in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Combined Effects of Citrulline Plus Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Co-Supplementation on Maximal and Endurance-Strength and Aerobic Power in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Long-Term Combined Effects of Citrulline and Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Supplementation on Recovery Status in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Effects of Short-Term Sodium Nitrate versus Sodium Chloride Supplementation on Energy and Lipid Metabolism during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Athletes

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