Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Nutrition, Performance and Methane Mitigation in Ruminants: A Review

Datta, M.; Jha, Pankaj; Arumbaka, Sudheer

doi:10.5455/ijlr.20170624054734

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As methaemoglobin content increases, the colour of the blood changes: light brown at about 20% conversion, dark brown at 50%, and dark brown to black at 80%. When about 80% of haemoglobin is converted to methaemoglobin, the animal may die (Haritha et al, 2019;Kamra et al, 2015;Mohini et al, 2017).…”

Section: Nitrate/nitrite Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and utilisation of non-protein nitrogen compounds in ruminants: a review

Zurak¹,

Kljak²,

Aladrović³

2023

JCEA

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Unique stomach physiology allows ruminants to utilise any form of dietary nitrogen (N) as a protein source. Ruminant N requirements can be divided into N requirements for microbial fermentation and host requirements for amino acids.Ruminant diets often contain non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds, a group of components that are not proteins but can be converted to proteins by rumen microbes. Therefore, NPN compounds in ruminant diets serve as alternative sources of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3 -N), which is necessary for the synthesis of microbial protein (MCP) in the rumen.MCP is an important component of metabolizable protein for ruminants and, under certain production conditions, may be the only amino acid source for synthesis of tissues and products. In this manner, ruminants utilise NPN compounds without having enzymes for their degradation. The use of NPN compounds in ruminant nutrition allows for an increase in feed consumption and utilisation, as well as the substitution of protein supplements, which in turn leads to more costeffective production. However, abrupt supplementation or excessive consumption of NPN could negatively affect MCP synthesis, feed digestion, and animal production. On the other hand, it may lead to animal poisoning and the release of large amounts of N into the environment. Knowledge of N metabolism in the rumen, as well as optimization of its utilisation, sets the conditions for the presumed beneficial effects of NPN compounds in ruminant diets, without adverse effects on animal health and the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the recent literature data on the metabolism and utilisation of NPN compounds in ruminants.

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Section: Nitrate/nitrite Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and utilisation of non-protein nitrogen compounds in ruminants: a review

Zurak¹,

Kljak²,

Aladrović³

2023

JCEA

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“…However, an excess supply of N may cause an accumulation of nitrate in plants. Nitrate accumulated in fodder is potentially toxic to ruminant livestock animals as it can cause anoxia due to methemoglobinemia [15][16][17][18]. Nitrate is also suspected to be associated with thyroid dysfunction and inhibition of vitamins A and E metabolism [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial effect of silicon to reduce the nitrate content of sorghum

Rivai,

Kobayashi

2023

Preprint

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Purpose: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the major fodder crops. Supplying sorghum with a sufficient amount of nitrogen (N) is essential to achieve a good yield and quality of forage. However, N excess may cause an accumulation of nitrate in the plant, which can be toxic to ruminant livestock animals. Silicon (Si) application reportedly enhances the utilization of N and reduces the nitrate content in several plant species. However, our knowledge is still limited regarding the interaction between Si and N in sorghum. Hence, this study investigated the possibility of nitrate content reduction by Si application in sorghum. Methods: We analyzed the nitrate content in the shoot of hydroponically grown seedlings, with or without Si application. It was then further evaluated in mature plants under high N supply with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg SiO2 L–1. We also considered possible mechanisms of the Si-N interaction. Results: The application of Si reduced nitrate content without significantly affecting the growth and dry matter production. The effect of Si application on the N metabolism of sorghum plants was confirmed by a modulated expression of the genes for N transport and assimilation, in which an upregulation of the cytokinin signal transduction pathway might be involved. In addition, the in vitro digestibility was not significantly affected by Si application. Conclusion: Silicon application has a beneficial effect on fodder sorghum production in reducing nitrate content without compromising the biomass yield and quality.

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